Bacnotan: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Municipality in La Union, Philippines}} |
{{Short description|Municipality in La Union, Philippines}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> |
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| image_caption = Bacnotan town center |
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| image_flag = Flag_of_Bacnotan,_La_Union.png |
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| size = 250 |
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| seal_size = 100x80px |
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| border = 0 }} |
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| image_map = {{PH wikidata|image_map}} |
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| image_caption = St. Michael the Archangel Parish Church, Bacnotan Municipal Hall & Town center |
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| map_caption = {{PH wikidata|map_caption}} |
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| image_flag = Flag_of_Bacnotan,_La_Union.png |
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| flag_size = 120x80px |
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| image_seal = Ph seal la union bacnotan.jpg |
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| pushpin_map = Philippines |
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| pushpin_label_position = left |
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| pushpin_map_caption |
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the {{PH wikidata|country}} |
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| coordinates |
| coordinates = {{PH wikidata|coordinates}} |
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| settlement_type |
| settlement_type = {{PH wikidata|settlement_type}} |
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| subdivision_type |
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
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| subdivision_name |
| subdivision_name = [[Philippines]] |
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| subdivision_type1 |
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Philippines|Region]] |
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| subdivision_name1 |
| subdivision_name1 = {{PH wikidata|region}} |
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| subdivision_type2 |
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]] |
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| subdivision_name2 |
| subdivision_name2 = {{PH wikidata|province}} |
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| official_name |
| official_name = {{PH wikidata|official_name}} |
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| native_name |
| native_name = |
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| other_name |
| other_name = |
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| nicknames |
| nicknames = Honey Capital of the North <br> Cement Capital of the North |
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| motto |
| motto = |
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| anthem |
| anthem = |
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| subdivision_type3 |
| subdivision_type3 = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines#District representation|District]] |
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| subdivision_name3 |
| subdivision_name3 = {{PH legislative district}} |
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| established_title |
| established_title = [[Date of establishment|Founded]] |
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| established_date |
| established_date = 1599 |
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| parts_type |
| parts_type = [[Barangay]]s |
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| parts_style |
| parts_style = para |
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| p1 |
| p1 = {{PH barangay count | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }} (see [[#Barangays|Barangays]]) |
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| leader_title |
| leader_title = [[Mayor]] |
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| leader_name |
| leader_name = Francisco Angelito L. Fontanilla |
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| leader_title1 |
| leader_title1 = [[Vice Mayor]] |
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| leader_name1 |
| leader_name1 = Divina C. Fontanilla |
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| leader_title2 |
| leader_title2 = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines#Current composition|Representative]] <!--congressman or congresswoman --> |
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| leader_name2 |
| leader_name2 = Pablo C. Ortega |
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| leader_title3 |
| leader_title3 = [[Sangguniang Bayan|Municipal Council]] |
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| leader_name3 |
| leader_name3 = {{PH Town Council |
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| 1 = <div style="border-style:solid none;border-width:thin;border-color:Gainsboro;background-color:#e6e6e6;text-align:center;width:95%;font-variant:small-caps;"></div> |
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| 2=Jane A. Gonzales |
| 2=Jane A. Gonzales |
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| 9=Tomas Joaquin B. Ortega |
| 9=Tomas Joaquin B. Ortega |
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}} |
}} |
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| leader_title4 |
| leader_title4 = [[Elections in the Philippines#Qualification|Electorate]] |
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| leader_name4 |
| leader_name4 = {{PH wikidata|electorate}} voters ([[Philippine general election, {{PH wikidata|electorate_point_in_time}}|{{PH wikidata|electorate_point_in_time}}]]) |
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| government_type |
| government_type = {{PH wikidata|government_type}} |
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| government_footnotes |
| government_footnotes = {{thinsp}}<ref>{{DILG detail}}</ref> |
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| elevation_m |
| elevation_m = {{PH wikidata|elevation_m}} |
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| elevation_max_m |
| elevation_max_m = 238 |
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| elevation_min_m |
| elevation_min_m = 0 |
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| elevation_max_rank |
| elevation_max_rank = |
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| elevation_min_rank |
| elevation_min_rank = |
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| elevation_footnotes |
| elevation_footnotes = {{PH wikidata|elevation_footnotes}} |
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| elevation_max_footnotes = |
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| elevation_min_footnotes= |
| elevation_min_footnotes = |
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| area_rank |
| area_rank = |
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| area_footnotes |
| area_footnotes = {{PH area}} |
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| area_total_km2 |
| area_total_km2 = {{PH wikidata|area}} |
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| population_footnotes |
| population_footnotes = {{PH census|current}} |
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| population_total |
| population_total = {{PH wikidata|population_total}} |
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| population_as_of |
| population_as_of = {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}} |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| population_blank1_title= [[Household]]s |
| population_blank1_title = [[Household]]s |
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| population_blank1 |
| population_blank1 = {{PH wikidata|household}} |
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| population_blank2_title= |
| population_blank2_title = |
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| population_blank2 |
| population_blank2 = |
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| population_demonym |
| population_demonym = |
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| population_rank |
| population_rank = |
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| population_note |
| population_note = |
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| timezone |
| timezone = [[Philippine Standard Time|PST]] |
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| utc_offset |
| utc_offset = +8 |
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| postal_code_type |
| postal_code_type = [[List of ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]] |
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| postal_code |
| postal_code = {{PH wikidata|postal_code}} |
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| postal2_code_type |
| postal2_code_type = {{PSGCstyle}} |
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| postal2_code |
| postal2_code = {{PSGC detail}} |
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| area_code_type |
| area_code_type = {{areacodestyle}} |
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| area_code |
| area_code = {{PH wikidata|area_code}} |
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| website |
| website = {{PH wikidata|website}} |
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| demographics_type1 |
| demographics_type1 = [[Economy of the Philippines|Economy]] |
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| demographics1_title1 |
| demographics1_title1 = {{PH wikidata|income_class_title}} |
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| demographics1_info1 |
| demographics1_info1 = {{PH wikidata|income_class}} |
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| demographics1_title2 |
| demographics1_title2 = [[Measuring poverty|Poverty incidence]] |
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| demographics1_info2 |
| demographics1_info2 = {{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence}}% ({{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence_point_in_time}}){{PH wikidata|poverty_incidence_footnotes}} |
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| demographics1_title3 |
| demographics1_title3 = [[Revenue]] |
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| demographics1_info3 |
| demographics1_info3 = {{PH wikidata|revenue}} {{PH wikidata|revenue_point_in_time}} |
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| demographics1_title4 |
| demographics1_title4 = Revenue rank |
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| demographics1_info4 |
| demographics1_info4 = |
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| demographics1_title5 |
| demographics1_title5 = [[Assets]] |
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| demographics1_info5 |
| demographics1_info5 = {{PH wikidata|assets}} {{PH wikidata|assets_point_in_time}} |
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| demographics1_title6 |
| demographics1_title6 = Assets rank |
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| demographics1_info6 |
| demographics1_info6 = |
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| demographics1_title7 |
| demographics1_title7 = [[Internal Revenue Allotment|IRA]] |
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| demographics1_info7 |
| demographics1_info7 = |
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| demographics1_title8 |
| demographics1_title8 = IRA rank |
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| demographics1_info8 |
| demographics1_info8 = |
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| demographics1_title9 |
| demographics1_title9 = [[Expenditure]] |
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| demographics1_info9 |
| demographics1_info9 = {{PH wikidata|expenditure}} {{PH wikidata|expenditure_point_in_time}} |
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| demographics1_title10 |
| demographics1_title10 = [[Liability (financial accounting)|Liabilities]] |
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| demographics1_info10 |
| demographics1_info10 = {{PH wikidata|liabilities}} {{PH wikidata|liabilities_point_in_time}} |
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| demographics_type2 |
| demographics_type2 = Service provider |
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| demographics2_title1 |
| demographics2_title1 = Electricity |
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| demographics2_info1 |
| demographics2_info1 = {{PH electricity distribution | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }} |
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| demographics2_title2 |
| demographics2_title2 = Water |
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| demographics2_info2 |
| demographics2_info2 = |
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| demographics2_title3 |
| demographics2_title3 = Telecommunications |
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| demographics2_info3 |
| demographics2_info3 = |
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| demographics2_title4 |
| demographics2_title4 = Cable TV |
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| demographics2_info4 |
| demographics2_info4 = |
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| demographics2_title5 |
| demographics2_title5 = |
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| demographics2_info5 |
| demographics2_info5 = |
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| demographics2_title6 |
| demographics2_title6 = |
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| demographics2_info6 |
| demographics2_info6 = |
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| demographics2_title7 |
| demographics2_title7 = |
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| demographics2_info7 |
| demographics2_info7 = |
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| demographics2_title8 |
| demographics2_title8 = |
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| demographics2_info8 |
| demographics2_info8 = |
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| demographics2_title9 |
| demographics2_title9 = |
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| demographics2_info9 |
| demographics2_info9 = |
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| demographics2_title10 |
| demographics2_title10 = |
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| demographics2_info10 |
| demographics2_info10 = |
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| blank_name_sec1 |
| blank_name_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|climate_title}} |
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| blank_info_sec1 |
| blank_info_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|climate_type}} |
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| blank1_name_sec1 |
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Languages of the Philippines|Native languages]] |
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| blank1_info_sec1 |
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|language}} |
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| blank2_name_sec1 |
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Crime index]] |
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| blank2_info_sec1 |
| blank2_info_sec1 = |
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| blank3_name_sec1 |
| blank3_name_sec1 = |
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| blank3_info_sec1 |
| blank3_info_sec1 = |
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| blank4_name_sec1 |
| blank4_name_sec1 = |
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| blank4_info_sec1 |
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| blank5_name_sec1 |
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| blank5_info_sec1 |
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| blank7_name_sec1 |
| blank7_name_sec1 = |
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| blank7_info_sec1 |
| blank7_info_sec1 = |
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| blank1_name_sec2 |
| blank1_name_sec2 = Major religions |
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| blank1_info_sec2 |
| blank1_info_sec2 = |
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| blank2_name_sec2 |
| blank2_name_sec2 = Feast date |
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| blank2_info_sec2 |
| blank2_info_sec2 = |
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| blank3_name_sec2 |
| blank3_name_sec2 = Catholic diocese |
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| blank3_info_sec2 |
| blank3_info_sec2 = |
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| blank4_name_sec2 |
| blank4_name_sec2 = Patron saint |
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| blank4_info_sec2 |
| blank4_info_sec2 = |
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| blank5_name_sec2 |
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| short_description |
| short_description = |
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| footnotes |
| footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Bacnotan''', officially the '''Municipality of Bacnotan''' ({{langx|ilo|Ili ti Bacnotan}}; {{langx|fil|Bayan ng Bacnotan}}), is a [[municipality of the Philippines|municipality]] in the [[Philippine Province|province]] of [[La Union]], [[Philippines]]. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 44,388 people.{{PH census|current}} |
'''Bacnotan''', officially the '''Municipality of Bacnotan''' ({{langx|ilo|Ili ti Bacnotan}}; {{langx|fil|Bayan ng Bacnotan}}), is a coastal [[municipality of the Philippines|municipality]] in the [[Philippine Province|province]] of [[La Union]], [[Philippines]]. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 44,388 people.{{PH census|current}} |
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==Etymology == |
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Economic activities in Bacnotan mostly involve farming, fishing, bee-keeping, pebble extraction, tourism, and Portland cement manufacture. Bacnotan is the seat of the beekeeping industry in La Union. A mining engineer from Bacnotan who saw the limestone deposits in Dumarang (renamed Quirino) also saw deposits of coal and traces of gas. |
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The name ''Bacnotan'' is derived from the hispanized [[Ilocano language|Iloco]] word ''"bakunutan"'' or ''"basnótan"'', which translates to ''"to flog"'' or ''"to whip"'' in English. Historically, the area was a vast expanse of wilderness inhabited by a group of natives governed by a rudimentary form of leadership. At one point, the town fell under the rule of a despotic chieftain who wielded absolute authority over his constituents. Under his oppressive regime, disobedience to his decrees was met with severe punishments, including [[Flagellation|public flogging]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Local Government Unit of Bacnotan |url=https://bacnotan.gov.ph/history/#:~:text=CREATION,towns%20that%20formed%20the%20province. |access-date=2024-12-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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[[File:Flagellation in Europe.jpg|left|thumb|228x228px|Flagellation]] |
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After enduring years of tyranny, the people rose against their chieftain, ultimately overthrowing him and subjecting him to the same punishment he had inflicted upon them. He was flogged to death by his own people. The act of flogging, expressed in the local dialect as ''bakunutan'', became a defining moment in the community's history. The term ''bakunutan'' eventually evolved into a colloquial byword among the inhabitants and inspired the name of the settlement.<ref name=":0" /> |
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During the [[Spanish Colonial Period (Philippines)|Spanish colonial period]], the name ''Bakunutan'' was hispanized to ''Bacnotan'', a modification reflected in official documents preserved in the [[National Archives of the Philippines|National Archives]] in Manila. This etymology highlights the enduring legacy of the community's resistance and the transformative power of unity in shaping its identity. |
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Surfing has become quite popular as well, surfers having discovered that there is a surfable break beside the Holcim Cement Factory. While there are no surfboard rentals yet, instructors from the nearby town of Urbiztondo have been known to bring their students to Bacnotan for lessons. The sand bottom causes an inconsistency in wave quality but is usually reliable for learning.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://windowseat.ph/la-union-philippines-surf-travel-guide/|title=24 Hours in la Union: A Mini Surf and Travel Guide|date=7 July 2015}}</ref> |
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Schools in Bacnotan include the [[Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University]], the North Provincial High School (now Bacnotan National High School), the Bacnotan Elementary School, other elementary schools located in various barangays, and a prep school operated by the [[United Church of Christ in the Philippines]] in Bacnotan. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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During its early history, the town was a settlement of early [[Ilocano people|Ilocanos]], known as ''Samtoy'', who practiced [[Animism|animistic]] culture and traditions. These early inhabitants actively engaged in trade with neighboring maritime regions in [[Southeast Asia]], including the [[Pangasinan people|Pangasinenses]] to the south, the [[Igorot people|Igorots]] in the highlands, and even Chinese and Japanese traders. The exchange of goods included gold, silk, porcelain, earthen jars (burnay), honey, beeswax, and other items.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Scott |first1=William |title=The Discovery of the Igorots |date=1974 |publisher=New Day Publishers |isbn=9711000873 |location=Quezon City |page=58}}</ref> |
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The town of Bacnotan was formally founded in 1599 as part of [[Ilocos Sur]]. In 1785, during the administration of the Governor-General Jose Basco, Bacnotan became a part of [[Pangasinan]]. When [[La Union]] was created in 1850, Bacnotan was one of the 12 towns that formed the province. |
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In 1572, Spanish forces led by conquistador [[Juan de Salcedo]] arrived at the settlement after landing in Dalandan (now [[San Juan, La Union|San Juan]]). However, they did not remain long and continued their expedition northward to ''"pacify the people"'' in those areas. |
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In the past, Bacnotan was only a vast expanse of wilderness inhabited by natives with a rudimentary form of government. There was a time when it was ruled by a despotic chieftain who had absolute control over all his constituents. Disobedience to his directives meant severe flogging of the culprit. After several years under the tyrannical rule of the chieftain, the people overthrew him and flogged their chieftain to death. The word "''basnutan''" means "flog" in the local dialect, and become a byword among the inhabitants, hence the name of the town. During the Spanish period, the name of the town was changed from "basnutan" to "Bacnotan" as shown by documents that are still kept intact at the National Archives in Manila. |
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By 1599, the town of Bacnotan was formally established as part of the [[Ilocos (province)|Ilocos province]] and was initially named “''Bakunutan''.” During the administration of [[José Basco y Vargas|Governor-General José Basco]] in 1785, Bacnotan became part of [[Pangasinan]]. When the province of La Union was created in 1850, Bacnotan was among the 12 towns that constituted the newly formed province.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Provincial Government of La Union |title=History - Municipality of Bacnotan |url=https://launion.gov.ph/city-and-municipalities/bacnotan-la-union/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230930193023/https://launion.gov.ph/city-and-municipalities/bacnotan-la-union/ |archive-date=2023-09-30 |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=launion.gov.ph |language=en}}</ref> |
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The town's history is linked with the deeds of heroic men who fought, bled, and died for their own native land. At the turn of the century, during the [[Spanish–American War]], Dumarang (now known as Quirino), was a scene of carnage and plunder. |
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Historically, Bacnotan was a vast wilderness inhabited by native people governed by a [[rudimentary]] system. At one point, the town was ruled by a despotic [[chieftain]] who exerted absolute control over his constituents, with severe punishments, including [[Flagellation|flogging]], meted out for disobedience.<ref name=":0" /> After enduring years of [[Tyranical Ruler|tyrannical rule]], the people revolted, overthrowing and flogging the chieftain to death. The term "basnutan," meaning "to flog" in the local dialect, became a common expression among the inhabitants and eventually inspired the town's name. During the Spanish colonial period, the name was modified to "Bacnotan," as evidenced by historical documents preserved at the [[National Archives of the Philippines|National Archives]] in Manila.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> |
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During the first days of [[World War II]], invading Japanese forces reached Bacnotan on December 21, 1941. |
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The town's history is linked with the deeds of heroic men who fought, bled, and died for their own native land. At the turn of the century, during the [[Spanish–American War]], Dumarang (now known as Quirino), was a scene of carnage and plunder.<ref name=":1" /> |
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On January 4, 1945, the tides of war changed in La Union as Filipino and American soldiers captured the strategic Baroro Bridge in Bacnotan, which connects the rest of Northern Luzon to San Fernando. It was followed by the historic Battle of San Fernando and Bacsil Bridge. The victory ensured the liberation of La Union Province by joint Filipino and American troops at the end of [[World War II]]. |
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During the first days of [[World War II]], invading Japanese forces reached Bacnotan on December 21, 1941 by Colonel Kanno and [[Shizuichi Tanaka|General Shizuichi Tanaka's]] detachments before invading the [[Lingayen Gulf]]<ref name=":0" /> |
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After the war, Bacnotan became the provisional seat of the provincial government, since [[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando]] was then in ruins. As a consequence of this transfer, the La Union National High School was also moved to Bacnotan. When things went back to normal, the provincial government was again moved to San Fernando and the La Union National High School followed afterward. The transfer of the provincial high school in Bacnotan resulted in the establishment of the North Provincial High School (now Bacnotan National High School.) |
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On January 4, 1945, the tides of war changed in La Union as Filipino and American soldiers captured the strategic Baroro Bridge in Bacnotan, which connects the rest of Northern Luzon to San Fernando. It was followed by the historic Battle of San Fernando and Bacsil Bridge. The victory ensured the liberation of La Union Province by joint Filipino and American troops at the end of [[World War II]].<ref name=":1" /> |
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In 1949, the vast mineral deposits of limestone used in [[portland cement]] production were noticed in Barrio Dumarang (now Quirino) by a mining engineer who was then a municipal councilor at that time. Because of the desire to create economic activity, the municipal council, through the efforts of this mining engineer, invited potential investors to set up a Portland cement plant. Within a year, a cement plant called Cebu Portland Cement (CEPOC), was established. On May 11, 1957, CEPOC, a government-owned corporation, was sold to the privately owned Bacnotan Consolidated Industries (BCI). BCI is the manufacturer of "Union Cement". In 2004, BCI was sold to [[Holcim]] Cement. |
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After the war, Bacnotan became the provisional seat of the provincial government, since [[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando]] was then in ruins. As a consequence of this transfer, the La Union National High School was also moved to Bacnotan.<ref name=":0" /> When things went back to normal, the provincial government was again moved to San Fernando and the La Union National High School followed afterward. The transfer of the provincial high school in Bacnotan resulted in the establishment of the North Provincial High School (now Bacnotan National High School.)<ref name=":1" /> |
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On June 18, 1960, the La Union Agricultural School was established. Nestling at the foot of the mountains of Barangay Sapilang, the agricultural school progressed and was later named [[Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University]]. Its campus occupies an area of about 6 square kilometers. |
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In 1949, the vast mineral deposits of limestone used in [[portland cement]] production were noticed in Barrio Dumarang (now Quirino) by a mining engineer who was then a municipal councilor at that time. Because of the desire to create economic activity, the municipal council, through the efforts of this mining engineer, invited potential investors to set up a Portland cement plant.<ref name=":0" /> Within a year, a cement plant called Cebu Portland Cement (CEPOC), was established. On May 11, 1957, CEPOC, a government-owned corporation, was sold to the privately owned Bacnotan Consolidated Industries (BCI). BCI is the manufacturer of "Union Cement". In 2004, BCI was sold to [[Holcim]] Cement.<ref name=":1" /> |
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==Geography== |
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Bacnotan is bounded on the north by [[Balaoan, La Union|Balaoan]], on the east by [[San Gabriel, La Union|San Gabriel]], on the south by [[San Juan, La Union|San Juan]], and on the west by the [[South China Sea]]. |
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On June 18, 1960, the La Union Agricultural School was established. Nestling at the foot of the mountains of Barangay Sapilang, the agricultural school progressed and was later named [[Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University]]. Its campus occupies an area of about 6 square kilometers.<ref name=":0" /> |
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The western side of Bacnotan faces the [[South China Sea]] and has a long stretch of black sand beaches, indicating a large amount of magnetite. Some portions of the seashore have pebble and limestone deposits. The beaches, stretching about 16 kilometers, are suitable for fishing, boating, swimming, snorkeling, diving, and surfing. |
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==Geography== |
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Bacnotan is a coastal municipality bordered to the north by the municipality of [[Balaoan]], to the east by [[San Gabriel, La Union|San Gabriel]], to the south by [[San Juan, La Union|San Juan]], and to the west by the [[South China Sea]]. Situated 283 kilometers (176 miles) north of [[Metro Manila]] and 14 kilometers (8.7 miles) north of [[San Fernando, La Union|City of San Fernando]], the provincial capital of La Union |
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The western side of Bacnotan is defined by a long stretch of black sand beaches facing the South China Sea, indicative of the area's abundant [[Magnetite|magnetite deposits]]. Certain parts of the coastline also feature [[pebble]] and [[Limestone|limestone formations]]. These beaches, which span approximately 16 kilometers, are well-suited for various recreational activities such as fishing, boating, swimming, snorkeling, diving, and surfing. While San Juan is widely known as a popular destination for serious surfers, the waves in Bacnotan's Quirino area have also gained recognition for being excellent for [[surfing]]. |
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Although San Juan is a favorite place among serious surfers, the waves in Quirino have been discovered to be likewise excellent for surfing. |
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The eastern boundary of Bacnotan is characterized by predominantly [[Mountain|mountainous]] terrain forming part of the foothills of the [[Central Cordillera]]. This area features vast forests and rolling hills and serves as the home of indigenous groups, primarily the Bago and [[Kankanaey people|Kankanaey]] people. The region's natural resources and biodiversity contribute significantly to its cultural and environmental importance. |
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The Baroro River, located at the southern boundary of Bacnotan, provides freshwater fishing, aquaculture farming, and recreation. |
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The Baroro River, located along the southern boundary of Bacnotan, is the town's primary waterway. This river supports various activities, including freshwater fishing, aquaculture, and recreation, while also contributing to the local ecosystem. |
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Bacnotan is {{convert|283|km}} from [[Metro Manila]] and {{convert|14|km}} from [[San Fernando, La Union|San Fernando]], the provincial capital. |
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===Barangays=== |
===Barangays=== |
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| Line 320: | Line 329: | ||
==Demographics== |
==Demographics== |
||
The household population of Bacnotan, La Union, as of the 2020 Census, was recorded at 44,374 persons, reflecting an increase of 2,420 individuals from the 2015 population of 41,954. The number of households also rose to 11,675 in 2020, up by 1,712 from 9,963 households in 2015. The population density is approximately 580 inhabitants per square kilometer (1,500 inhabitants per square mile).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bacnotan, La Union Population increases by 1.13 percent (2020 Census of Population and Housing) {{!}} Philippine Statistics Authority {{!}} Region I |url=https://rsso01.psa.gov.ph/content/bacnotan-la-union-population-increases-113-percent-2020-census-population-and-housing#:~:text=The%20household%20population%20of%20Bacnotan,9,963%20households%20posted%20in%202015. |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=rsso01.psa.gov.ph}}</ref>{{PH census|current}} |
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{{Philippine Census |
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Bacnotan is predominantly [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], with the presence of various other Christian denominations, including [[Iglesia ni Cristo]], [[Protestantism|Protestant]] groups, and [[Jehovah's Witnesses]]. [[Islam]] and [[Buddhism]] also have a presence in the town, albeit on a smaller scale.<ref>{{Cite web |title=La Union’s Population grows at the rate of 0.94 percent (2020 Census of Population and Housing) {{!}} Philippine Statistics Authority {{!}} Region I |url=https://rsso01.psa.gov.ph/content/la-unions-population-grows-rate-094-percent-2020-census-population-and-housing#:~:text=Among%20the%20household%20population%20in,Catholic%20as%20their%20religious%20affiliation. |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=rsso01.psa.gov.ph}}</ref> |
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The majority of the population consists of [[Ilocano people]], with indigenous groups such as the Bago and [[Kankanaey people|Kankanaey]] primarily residing in the upland areas. [[Ilocano language|Ilocano]] (Iloco) is the primary language spoken in the town and serves as the official language of the province. [[English language|English]] and [[Filipino language|Filipino]] are used in government and business, while English is the primary medium of instruction in schools. |
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Bacnotan is served by Bacnotan District Hospital, which was established in 1975, as its main healthcare facility. |
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The town has an extensive network of public elementary schools, including;<ref>{{Cite web |title=La Union List of Public Elementary Schools |url=https://launion.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/List-of-Public-ES-.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230128163936/https://launion.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/List-of-Public-ES-.pdf |archive-date=2023-01-28 |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=launion.gov.ph}}</ref> |
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* Bacnotan Elementary School, |
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* Arosip Elementary School, |
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* Baroro Elementary School, |
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* Bitalag Integrated School, |
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* Cabaroan Elementary School, |
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* Carcarmay Elementary School, |
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* Central Elementary School, |
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* Galongen Elementary School, |
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* Guinabang Elementary School |
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* Mabanengbeng Elementary School |
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* Nangalisan Elementary School |
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* Ortega Elementary School |
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* Oya-oy Elementary School |
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* Paratong Elementary School |
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* Quirino Elementary School |
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* Salincob Elementary School |
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* Sta. Cruz Elementary School, and |
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* Zaragoza Elementary School. |
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Additional elementary schools are located in various barangays, and there is a prep school operated by the United Church of Christ in the Philippines. |
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Public secondary education is provided by Bacnotan National High School (formerly North Provincial High School) and Bitalag Integrated School.<ref>{{Cite web |title=La Union List of Public Secondary Schools |url=https://launion.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Public-Secondary-Schools-in-La-Union-Updated.pdf |archive-date= |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=launion.gov.ph}}</ref> Private secondary schools include South Ilocandia College of Arts, Technology and Trade, Lord of Zion Divine School, Inc., St. Anthony Montessori Educational Network, Sta. Veronica College, and Stella Maris Academy. |
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Higher education is available at the [[Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University]], a state university located in the town, which serves as a key educational institution in the region.{{Philippine Census |
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| title= Population census of {{PH wikidata|name}} |
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== Economy == |
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In the 2020 census, the population of Bacnotan was 44,388 people,{{PH census|current}} with a density of {{convert|{{sigfig|44,388/76.60|2}}|PD/km2|disp=or}}. |
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The economy of Bacnotan is primarily based on [[Agriculture in the Philippines|agriculture]], [[fishing]], industry, and [[tourism]], with significant contributions from the manufacture of Portland cement. |
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Farming serves as the backbone of the town’s economy, with [[rice]], [[tobacco]], [[corn]], and various fruits and vegetables as the main agricultural products. Fishing, particularly [[Aquaculture in the Philippines|aquaculture]], is also a vital economic activity, with the Baroro River supporting the cultivation of [[tilapia]], hito ([[catfish]]), and bangus ([[milkfish]]), providing livelihood and sustenance for the community. |
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[[Ilocano language|Ilocano]] is the primary language spoken. [[English language|English]] and [[Filipino language|Filipino]] are the languages used in government and business while English is the medium of instruction in schools. |
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Bacnotan is recognized as the center of the [[beekeeping]] industry in La Union, and it is also known for its traditional products such as ''[[basi]]'' (sugarcane wine) and ''[[Sukang iloko|sukang Iloko]]'' (sugarcane vinegar). Other local industries include [[Basket weaving|basketry]] and pebble extraction, which utilize the town’s abundant natural resources. The presence of the [[Holcim|Holcim Cement Factory]] underscores Bacnotan's role in the [[cement]] manufacturing industry, which leverages the extensive limestone deposits found in Quirino (formerly Dumarang). A mining engineer from Bacnotan also identified deposits of coal and traces of natural gas in the area, further highlighting the town's mineral wealth.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=7 July 2015 |title=24 Hours in la Union: A Mini Surf and Travel Guide |url=http://windowseat.ph/la-union-philippines-surf-travel-guide/}}</ref> |
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== Economy == |
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{{PH poverty incidence}} |
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Tourism is an emerging economic driver, with Bacnotan’s natural attractions drawing visitors. [[Surfing]] has become increasingly popular, particularly near the Holcim Cement Factory, where a surfable break has been discovered. Although the sand bottom creates some inconsistency in wave quality, it is generally reliable for beginners learning the sport. Surfing instructors from neighboring towns, such as Urbiztondo, often bring students to Bacnotan for lessons. However, the local surfing infrastructure remains underdeveloped, with no surfboard rental services currently available.<ref name=":2" /> |
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This diverse mix of agriculture, industry, and tourism continues to shape the economic landscape of Bacnotan.{{PH poverty incidence}} |
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==Government== |
==Government== |
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| Line 398: | Line 444: | ||
==Gallery== |
==Gallery== |
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<gallery widths="200" heights="150"> |
<gallery widths="200" heights="150"> |
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File:FvfBacntanLaUnion0040 20.JPG|Bacnotan Public Market |
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FvfBacnotaLaUnion0275_16.JPG|Municipal hall |
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File:FvfBacnotaLaUnion0275 18.JPG|Town plaza |
File:FvfBacnotaLaUnion0275 18.JPG|Town plaza |
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File:Centennial Tree.jpg|Centennial Tree |
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File:FvfBacntanLaUnion0040 10.JPG|Town center |
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File:FvfBacntanLaUnion0040 24.JPG|Town Proper |
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File:FvfBacnotan0158 40.JPG|[[Bacnotan Church|Saint Michael the Archangel Parish Church]] |
File:FvfBacnotan0158 40.JPG|[[Bacnotan Church|Saint Michael the Archangel Parish Church]] |
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File:FvfBanotanLaUnion0235 31.JPG|Street view |
File:FvfBanotanLaUnion0235 31.JPG|Street view |
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Revision as of 02:03, 29 December 2024
Bacnotan | |
|---|---|
| Municipality of Bacnotan | |
   St. Michael the Archangel Parish Church, Bacnotan Municipal Hall & Town center | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Nicknames: Honey Capital of the North Cement Capital of the North | |
 Map of La Union with Bacnotan highlighted | |
OpenStreetMap  | |
.svg)  Bacnotan Location within the Philippines | |
| Coordinates: 16°43′11″N 120°20′53″E / 16.719689°N 120.348086°E | |
| Country | Philippines |
| Region | Ilocos Region |
| Province | La Union |
| District | 1st district |
| Founded | 1599 |
| Barangays | 47 (see Barangays) |
| Government | |
| • Type | Sangguniang Bayan |
| • Mayor | Francisco Angelito L. Fontanilla |
| • Vice Mayor | Divina C. Fontanilla |
| • Representative | Pablo C. Ortega |
| • Municipal Council | Members |
| • Electorate | 27,733 voters (2025) |
| Area | |
• Total | 76.60 km2 (29.58 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 22 m (72 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 238 m (781 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (2024 census)[3] | |
• Total | 45,203 |
| • Density | 590.1/km2 (1,528/sq mi) |
| • Households | 11,675 |
| Economy | |
| • Income class | 1st municipal income class |
| • Poverty incidence | 6.52 |
| • Revenue | ₱ 386.5 million (2022) |
| • Assets | ₱ 1,605 million (2022) |
| • Expenditure | ₱ 230.9 million (2022) |
| • Liabilities | ₱ 142.2 million (2022) |
| Service provider | |
| • Electricity | La Union Electric Cooperative (LUELCO) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (PST) |
| ZIP code | 2515 |
| PSGC | |
| IDD : area code | +63 (0)72 |
| Native languages | Ilocano Tagalog |
| Website | www |
Bacnotan, officially the Municipality of Bacnotan (Ilocano: Ili ti Bacnotan; Filipino: Bayan ng Bacnotan), is a coastal municipality in the province of La Union, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 44,388 people.[3]
Etymology
The name Bacnotan is derived from the hispanized Iloco word "bakunutan" or "basnótan", which translates to "to flog" or "to whip" in English. Historically, the area was a vast expanse of wilderness inhabited by a group of natives governed by a rudimentary form of leadership. At one point, the town fell under the rule of a despotic chieftain who wielded absolute authority over his constituents. Under his oppressive regime, disobedience to his decrees was met with severe punishments, including public flogging.[5]
After enduring years of tyranny, the people rose against their chieftain, ultimately overthrowing him and subjecting him to the same punishment he had inflicted upon them. He was flogged to death by his own people. The act of flogging, expressed in the local dialect as bakunutan, became a defining moment in the community's history. The term bakunutan eventually evolved into a colloquial byword among the inhabitants and inspired the name of the settlement.[5]
During the Spanish colonial period, the name Bakunutan was hispanized to Bacnotan, a modification reflected in official documents preserved in the National Archives in Manila. This etymology highlights the enduring legacy of the community's resistance and the transformative power of unity in shaping its identity.
History
During its early history, the town was a settlement of early Ilocanos, known as Samtoy, who practiced animistic culture and traditions. These early inhabitants actively engaged in trade with neighboring maritime regions in Southeast Asia, including the Pangasinenses to the south, the Igorots in the highlands, and even Chinese and Japanese traders. The exchange of goods included gold, silk, porcelain, earthen jars (burnay), honey, beeswax, and other items.[6]
In 1572, Spanish forces led by conquistador Juan de Salcedo arrived at the settlement after landing in Dalandan (now San Juan). However, they did not remain long and continued their expedition northward to "pacify the people" in those areas.
By 1599, the town of Bacnotan was formally established as part of the Ilocos province and was initially named “Bakunutan.” During the administration of Governor-General José Basco in 1785, Bacnotan became part of Pangasinan. When the province of La Union was created in 1850, Bacnotan was among the 12 towns that constituted the newly formed province.[5][7]
Historically, Bacnotan was a vast wilderness inhabited by native people governed by a rudimentary system. At one point, the town was ruled by a despotic chieftain who exerted absolute control over his constituents, with severe punishments, including flogging, meted out for disobedience.[5] After enduring years of tyrannical rule, the people revolted, overthrowing and flogging the chieftain to death. The term "basnutan," meaning "to flog" in the local dialect, became a common expression among the inhabitants and eventually inspired the town's name. During the Spanish colonial period, the name was modified to "Bacnotan," as evidenced by historical documents preserved at the National Archives in Manila.[5][7]
The town's history is linked with the deeds of heroic men who fought, bled, and died for their own native land. At the turn of the century, during the Spanish–American War, Dumarang (now known as Quirino), was a scene of carnage and plunder.[7]
During the first days of World War II, invading Japanese forces reached Bacnotan on December 21, 1941 by Colonel Kanno and General Shizuichi Tanaka's detachments before invading the Lingayen Gulf[5]
On January 4, 1945, the tides of war changed in La Union as Filipino and American soldiers captured the strategic Baroro Bridge in Bacnotan, which connects the rest of Northern Luzon to San Fernando. It was followed by the historic Battle of San Fernando and Bacsil Bridge. The victory ensured the liberation of La Union Province by joint Filipino and American troops at the end of World War II.[7]
After the war, Bacnotan became the provisional seat of the provincial government, since San Fernando was then in ruins. As a consequence of this transfer, the La Union National High School was also moved to Bacnotan.[5] When things went back to normal, the provincial government was again moved to San Fernando and the La Union National High School followed afterward. The transfer of the provincial high school in Bacnotan resulted in the establishment of the North Provincial High School (now Bacnotan National High School.)[7]
In 1949, the vast mineral deposits of limestone used in portland cement production were noticed in Barrio Dumarang (now Quirino) by a mining engineer who was then a municipal councilor at that time. Because of the desire to create economic activity, the municipal council, through the efforts of this mining engineer, invited potential investors to set up a Portland cement plant.[5] Within a year, a cement plant called Cebu Portland Cement (CEPOC), was established. On May 11, 1957, CEPOC, a government-owned corporation, was sold to the privately owned Bacnotan Consolidated Industries (BCI). BCI is the manufacturer of "Union Cement". In 2004, BCI was sold to Holcim Cement.[7]
On June 18, 1960, the La Union Agricultural School was established. Nestling at the foot of the mountains of Barangay Sapilang, the agricultural school progressed and was later named Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University. Its campus occupies an area of about 6 square kilometers.[5]
Geography
Bacnotan is a coastal municipality bordered to the north by the municipality of Balaoan, to the east by San Gabriel, to the south by San Juan, and to the west by the South China Sea. Situated 283 kilometers (176 miles) north of Metro Manila and 14 kilometers (8.7 miles) north of City of San Fernando, the provincial capital of La Union
The western side of Bacnotan is defined by a long stretch of black sand beaches facing the South China Sea, indicative of the area's abundant magnetite deposits. Certain parts of the coastline also feature pebble and limestone formations. These beaches, which span approximately 16 kilometers, are well-suited for various recreational activities such as fishing, boating, swimming, snorkeling, diving, and surfing. While San Juan is widely known as a popular destination for serious surfers, the waves in Bacnotan's Quirino area have also gained recognition for being excellent for surfing.
The eastern boundary of Bacnotan is characterized by predominantly mountainous terrain forming part of the foothills of the Central Cordillera. This area features vast forests and rolling hills and serves as the home of indigenous groups, primarily the Bago and Kankanaey people. The region's natural resources and biodiversity contribute significantly to its cultural and environmental importance.
The Baroro River, located along the southern boundary of Bacnotan, is the town's primary waterway. This river supports various activities, including freshwater fishing, aquaculture, and recreation, while also contributing to the local ecosystem.
Barangays
Bacnotan is politically subdivided into 47 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
- Agtipal
- Arosip
- Bacqui
- Bacsil
- Bagutot
- Ballogo
- Baroro
- Bitalag
- Bulala
- Burayoc
- Bussaoit
- Cabaroan
- Cabarsican
- Cabugao
- Calautit
- Carcarmay
- Casiaman
- Galongen
- Guinabang
- Legleg
- Lisqueb
- Mabanengbeng 1st
- Mabanengbeng 2nd
- Maragayap
- Nagatiran
- Nagsaraboan
- Nagsimbaanan
- Nangalisan
- Narra
- Ortega
- Oya-oy
- Paagan
- Pandan
- Pang-pang
- Poblacion
- Quirino
- Raois
- Salincob
- San Martin
- Santa Cruz
- Santa Rita
- Sapilang
- Sayoan
- Sipulo
- Tammocalao
- Ubbog
- Zaragosa
Climate
The climate in Bacnotan is dry from November to May and wet from mid-May to October. The south-west monsoon brings an abundant rainfall experienced during the wet season. The relatively dry season is caused by the north-east monsoon passing over the Cordillera Mountain Range. Average temperature is 27.2 °C (81.0 °F).
| Climate data for Bacnotan, La Union | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31 (88) |
31 (88) |
33 (91) |
33 (91) |
32 (90) |
31 (88) |
30 (86) |
30 (86) |
30 (86) |
31 (88) |
31 (88) |
31 (88) |
31 (88) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21 (70) |
22 (72) |
23 (73) |
25 (77) |
26 (79) |
26 (79) |
26 (79) |
26 (79) |
25 (77) |
24 (75) |
23 (73) |
22 (72) |
24 (75) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 42 (1.7) |
48 (1.9) |
74 (2.9) |
110 (4.3) |
269 (10.6) |
275 (10.8) |
362 (14.3) |
325 (12.8) |
330 (13.0) |
306 (12.0) |
126 (5.0) |
61 (2.4) |
2,328 (91.7) |
| Average rainy days | 11.2 | 12.0 | 17.1 | 21.2 | 27.1 | 26.8 | 28.1 | 27.0 | 26.0 | 24.5 | 17.7 | 12.4 | 251.1 |
| Source: Meteoblue[8] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
The household population of Bacnotan, La Union, as of the 2020 Census, was recorded at 44,374 persons, reflecting an increase of 2,420 individuals from the 2015 population of 41,954. The number of households also rose to 11,675 in 2020, up by 1,712 from 9,963 households in 2015. The population density is approximately 580 inhabitants per square kilometer (1,500 inhabitants per square mile).[9][3]
Bacnotan is predominantly Roman Catholic, with the presence of various other Christian denominations, including Iglesia ni Cristo, Protestant groups, and Jehovah's Witnesses. Islam and Buddhism also have a presence in the town, albeit on a smaller scale.[10]
The majority of the population consists of Ilocano people, with indigenous groups such as the Bago and Kankanaey primarily residing in the upland areas. Ilocano (Iloco) is the primary language spoken in the town and serves as the official language of the province. English and Filipino are used in government and business, while English is the primary medium of instruction in schools.
Bacnotan is served by Bacnotan District Hospital, which was established in 1975, as its main healthcare facility.
The town has an extensive network of public elementary schools, including;[11]
- Bacnotan Elementary School,
- Arosip Elementary School,
- Baroro Elementary School,
- Bitalag Integrated School,
- Cabaroan Elementary School,
- Carcarmay Elementary School,
- Central Elementary School,
- Galongen Elementary School,
- Guinabang Elementary School
- Mabanengbeng Elementary School
- Nangalisan Elementary School
- Ortega Elementary School
- Oya-oy Elementary School
- Paratong Elementary School
- Quirino Elementary School
- Salincob Elementary School
- Sta. Cruz Elementary School, and
- Zaragoza Elementary School.
Additional elementary schools are located in various barangays, and there is a prep school operated by the United Church of Christ in the Philippines.
Public secondary education is provided by Bacnotan National High School (formerly North Provincial High School) and Bitalag Integrated School.[12] Private secondary schools include South Ilocandia College of Arts, Technology and Trade, Lord of Zion Divine School, Inc., St. Anthony Montessori Educational Network, Sta. Veronica College, and Stella Maris Academy.
Higher education is available at the Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, a state university located in the town, which serves as a key educational institution in the region.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1903 | 8,883 | — |
| 1918 | 11,619 | +1.81% |
| 1939 | 11,678 | +0.02% |
| 1948 | 13,793 | +1.87% |
| 1960 | 15,859 | +1.17% |
| 1970 | 21,031 | +2.86% |
| 1975 | 23,126 | +1.92% |
| 1980 | 24,800 | +1.41% |
| 1990 | 29,568 | +1.77% |
| 1995 | 32,634 | +1.87% |
| 2000 | 35,419 | +1.77% |
| 2007 | 38,743 | +1.24% |
| 2010 | 40,307 | +1.45% |
| 2015 | 42,078 | +0.82% |
| 2020 | 44,388 | +1.13% |
| Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[13][14][15][16] | ||
Economy
The economy of Bacnotan is primarily based on agriculture, fishing, industry, and tourism, with significant contributions from the manufacture of Portland cement.
Farming serves as the backbone of the town’s economy, with rice, tobacco, corn, and various fruits and vegetables as the main agricultural products. Fishing, particularly aquaculture, is also a vital economic activity, with the Baroro River supporting the cultivation of tilapia, hito (catfish), and bangus (milkfish), providing livelihood and sustenance for the community.
Bacnotan is recognized as the center of the beekeeping industry in La Union, and it is also known for its traditional products such as basi (sugarcane wine) and sukang Iloko (sugarcane vinegar). Other local industries include basketry and pebble extraction, which utilize the town’s abundant natural resources. The presence of the Holcim Cement Factory underscores Bacnotan's role in the cement manufacturing industry, which leverages the extensive limestone deposits found in Quirino (formerly Dumarang). A mining engineer from Bacnotan also identified deposits of coal and traces of natural gas in the area, further highlighting the town's mineral wealth.[17]
Tourism is an emerging economic driver, with Bacnotan’s natural attractions drawing visitors. Surfing has become increasingly popular, particularly near the Holcim Cement Factory, where a surfable break has been discovered. Although the sand bottom creates some inconsistency in wave quality, it is generally reliable for beginners learning the sport. Surfing instructors from neighboring towns, such as Urbiztondo, often bring students to Bacnotan for lessons. However, the local surfing infrastructure remains underdeveloped, with no surfboard rental services currently available.[17]
This diverse mix of agriculture, industry, and tourism continues to shape the economic landscape of Bacnotan.
Poverty incidence of Bacnotan
23.56
20.54
18.60
21.07
8.95
5.26
1.46
6.52
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]
Government
Local government
Bacnotan, belonging to the first congressional district of the province of La Union, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.
Elected officials
| Position | Name |
|---|---|
| Congressman | Pablo C. Ortega |
| Mayor | Francisco Angelito L. Fontanilla |
| Vice-Mayor | Divina C. Fontanilla |
| Councilors | Jane A. Gonzales |
| Edijer F. Valmonte | |
| Olga Jane C. Panelo | |
| Virgilio C. Antolin | |
| Franklin N. Almodovar | |
| Francisco H. Fontanilla Jr. | |
| Federico R. Corpuz | |
| Tomas Joaquin B. Ortega |
Notable personalities
Bacnotan has produced notable personalities in various endeavors. Some of them are as follows:
- Erlinda Fadera-Basilio — Ambassador and Permanent Representative of the Philippines to the United Nations and other International Organizations in Geneva, Switzerland; first woman Vice President of the UN Human Rights Council. Currently Philippine ambassador to China, Mongolia and North Korea.[27]
- Fr. Bienvenido Nebres — longest-serving university president of Ateneo de Manila University
Gallery
-
Bacnotan Public Market -
Town plaza -
Centennial Tree -
Town Proper -
-
Street view
References
- ^ Municipality of Bacnotan | (DILG)
- ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
- ^ a b c Census of Population (2020). "Region I (Ilocos Region)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
- ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "History | Local Government Unit of Bacnotan". Retrieved 2024-12-29.
- ^ Scott, William (1974). The Discovery of the Igorots. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. p. 58. ISBN 9711000873.
- ^ a b c d e f Provincial Government of La Union. "History - Municipality of Bacnotan". launion.gov.ph. Archived from the original on 2023-09-30. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
- ^ "Bacnotan: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
- ^ "Bacnotan, La Union Population increases by 1.13 percent (2020 Census of Population and Housing) | Philippine Statistics Authority | Region I". rsso01.psa.gov.ph. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
- ^ "La Union's Population grows at the rate of 0.94 percent (2020 Census of Population and Housing) | Philippine Statistics Authority | Region I". rsso01.psa.gov.ph. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
- ^ "La Union List of Public Elementary Schools" (PDF). launion.gov.ph. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-01-28. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
- ^ "La Union List of Public Secondary Schools" (PDF). launion.gov.ph. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
- ^ Census of Population (2015). "Region I (Ilocos Region)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
- ^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region I (Ilocos Region)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
- ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region I (Ilocos Region)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
- ^ "Province of". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- ^ a b "24 Hours in la Union: A Mini Surf and Travel Guide". 7 July 2015.
- ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
- ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 29 November 2005.
- ^ "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 23 March 2009.
- ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 3 August 2012.
- ^ "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 31 May 2016.
- ^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. 10 July 2019.
- ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ "2019 National and Local Elections" (PDF). Commission on Elections. Retrieved March 5, 2022.
- ^ Bacnotan, PRA.gov.ph, Retrieved 17 March 2016
External links
- Philippine Standard Geographic Code
- Philippine Census Information
- Local Governance Performance Management System
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 Province of La Union | |
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San Fernando (capital and largest city) | |
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