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Central Banda language

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(Redirected from Togbo-Vara Banda language)
"Vara language" redirects here. For the language of Papua, see Upper Morehead language.
"Wada language" redirects here. For the dialect of Australia, see Wada language (Australia).
Central Banda
Native toCentral African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan
Native speakers
(580,000 cited 1984–1996)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
liy â€“ Banda-Bambari
bpd â€“ Banda-Banda
bqk â€“ Banda-Mbrès
bfl â€“ Banda-NdĂŠlĂŠ
tor â€“ Togbo-Vara Banda
bjo â€“ Mid-Southern Banda
gox â€“ Gobu
kuw â€“ Kpagua
mnh â€“ Mono
nue â€“ Ngundu
Glottologcent2022

Central Banda is a dialect continuum of the Banda languages spoken by around one million people,[citation needed] primarily in the Central African Republic. The varieties may be mutually intelligible, especially the Mid-Southern–Gobu–Kpagua–Mono–Ngundu cluster. The other varieties are Bambari, Banda-Banda, Mbrès, Ndélé, and Togbo-Vara Banda.

Phonology

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The following is the Banda-Tangbago dialect:

Consonants

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Labial Alveolar Post-
alveolar 		Palatal Velar Labial-
velar 		Glottal
Plosive/
Affricate 		voiceless p t tʃ k kp ʔ
voiced b d dʒ ɡ ɡb
prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ⁿdʒ ᵑɡ ᵑᵐɡb
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ h
voiced v z ʒ
prenasal ᜏv ⁿz
Nasal m n ɲ
Tap/Flap âąą Éž
Lateral l
Approximant j w

Vowels

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Front Central Back
Close i ɨ u
Close-mid e ə o
Open-mid ɔ
Open a

Tone

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Vowel tones are: rising /ǎ/, falling /â/, mid /ā/, low /à/, and high /á/.[2][3]

Varieties

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Central Banda language varieties listed by MoĂąino (1988):[4]

  • YakpĂ  (also in DR Congo); GubĂş (also in DR Congo); KpĂĄgÚà (also in DR Congo); NgĂšndĂš, Bòngò, WasĂĄ (also in South Sudan); DĂškpĂš (also in South Sudan) Further information:Dukpu people
  • LĂŹndĂĄ, Jòtò, NdòkpĂ , NgĂĄpĂł
  • Southern GbĂ gĂ , NbĂŹyĂŹ, BèrèyĂ , NgòlĂ , Ndi, Kâ, Gbambiya, HĂ ĂŹ, Galabò, VĂ­dĂŹrĂŹ (MvĂŠdèrè) (also in South Sudan), BĂ ndĂ -BĂ ndĂ , BurĂş (only in South Sudan), WĂšndĂš (only in South Sudan), Gòv̂òrò (only in South Sudan)
  • BĂ ndĂ -Ndele (Govo, NgĂ jĂ , GbòngĂł, MbĂ tĂĄ, GbĂ yĂ , Tulu, and DabĂšrĂš groups), BĂ ndĂ -Kpaya (only in South Sudan), Ngàò, NgbalĂĄ, TĂ ngbĂ gò (also in South Sudan), JĂşnguru (also in South Sudan)
  • Mbere, BĂşkĂ , MòrĂšbĂ , SĂ bĂĄngĂ , WĂĄdĂ  (also in South Sudan)
  • VĂ rĂ  (also in South Sudan), Tògbò (also in South Sudan)
  • YĂ ngere

Nougayrol (1989) also lists Kɔ̀nɔ́, Manja, Ndòkà, Njùlúgù, and Sàra Dìnjo.[5]

Demographics

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Demographics of Central Banda language varieties as synthesized from MoĂąino (1988)[4] and Nougayrol (1989):[5]

Language Villages Population Clans Notes Countries
BĂ ndĂ -BĂ ndĂ 
BĂ ndĂ -Kpaya (only in South Sudan)
BĂ ndĂ -Ndele
Bèrèyà
Bòngò
BĂşkĂ 
Burú Kúyàrà 25 Màtià Kpata road; near Gbàyà of Krakə̀mâl; also in Bahr el Ghazal, migrated during the Zubayr era (ca. 1930) (only in South Sudan)
Dabùrù Ndagra 20 Kɔ̀tɔ̀, Ngòmbe, Ngulú (Kpata), Ndubu (Kpata and Ndagra) Kpata road
DabĂšrĂš KpĂ tĂ  380 Kpata road
DabĂšrĂš Miskin 30 recent satellite of Jamsinda
DĂškpĂš (also in South Sudan)
Gài ZòkÚtÚɲålà Tulu Haraz road
Gài BatÊle ́ Tulu NdÊlÊ
Galabò
Gbàgà Mia Fɔ̀ndɔ̀ 90 Gbə̀lè, Gùməli, Mabiri, Vidi, Yàkpà
GbĂ gĂ  KĂ kĂĄ some
Gbàgà Kòv̂òngò Mia 70 Vidi, Yúdà
Gbàgà Ngú Sua 60 Kupi, Mbízà, NgÏàlúgÚ/NgèlúgÚ/NjÚlúgÚ, Vóndò
GbĂ gĂ  GbĂ kĂł LĂŹkpĂ  65 Vidi
Gbàgà Bangora̹ 155 Dåmbasí/DåmbacÊ, Kòlògbò, làngbà
Gbàgà Dàngàvo 50 Kòlògbò, Yàkpà
Gbàgà Yambala Màgùndà 80 Mɔnɔ, Vàngà
Gbàgà Våtå 170 Banga, Manja, poro, Tàngbàgò, Tògbò, Yàngbà
GbĂ gĂ  VavĂş ?
Gbàgà Bu Mbàlà 45, with Gbaya Banga, Dåkpå, Mòngò, Vidi
Gbàgà Bàmingi 1, 2 650 Gbàyà, Gùməli, Ngìàlúgù/Ngèlúgù/Njùlúgù, Sìmi/Cìmi, Vidi
GbĂ gĂ  YangĂş GĂ lĂĄ 30 BĂĄlĂĄwĂ  with the Mbele
Gbàgà Yambala Kùdùvèlé 90 Dámbasí/Dámbacé, Kpòʔòrò, Ngìàlúgù/Ngèlúgù/Njùlúgù, Sìmi/Cìmi, Wádà, Wójò, Yúdà
GbĂ gĂ  Jamsinda some Golongoso road
Gbambiya
Gbàyà Krakə̀mâ 1 210 Àbátà, Lòngbò, Tulu, Yàma Kpata road
Gbàyà Krakə̀mâ 2 80 Gbòngó, Gbókóló, ɲamô
Gbàyà Ngú YambrÏ 40 ɲamô
GbĂ yĂ  Bu MbĂ lĂ  LĂŹwu some families; on Gangui road, on the outskirts of Gbaga
Gbòngó Takara 170 7 - Danbùrù, Gbàngárà, Ndì, Ngàmbeà, Ngulú, Wɔlɔ́, Yàndè Kpata road
Govo NdĂŠlĂŠ ?
Gòv̂òrò (only in South Sudan)
GubĂş (also in DR Congo)
HĂ ĂŹ
Jòtò
Júnguru BatÊle 2 (NdÊlÊ) and Idòngó originally from Kpula, and were subjects of Zubayr (also in South Sudan)
Kâ
Kɔ̀nɔ́ Batéle 2 (Ndélé) some families
KpågÚà (also in DR Congo)
Lìndá Lìndá 1 Ngbɔ̀lɔ̀ngɔ̀jɔ̀
LĂŹndĂĄ LĂŹndĂĄ 2 MbĂŹĂ 
LĂŹndĂĄ formerly KĂšcĂš KakĂş
LÏndå some in Ndele Ngàò
Manja BatÊle 1 (NdÊlÊ cluster) 180 Bòkèngè, BÏsènge some families in Kubu and Jamsinda (Golongoso road)
Mbanja (only in DR Congo)
Mbanza (also in DR Congo)
Mbàtå ZòkÚtÚɲålà 340 250 Haraz road
MbĂ tĂĄ NdĂŠlĂŠ 1 neighborhood
Mbele YangĂş Doro 40
Mbele YangĂş LĂ­kĂĄ 30 NgĂŹndĂŹ
Mbele YangĂş GĂ lĂĄ Mbrua some families living with the Muruba
Mbele Yambala KÚdÚvèlÊ some families living with the Muruba
Mbele Jamsinda Mbrua some families (on Golongoso road)
MĂšrĂšbĂ  Dungu YangĂş 105 Yagua with the Ngao
MÚrÚbà Biʃi Ngú 1 75 Kàgårà with the Ngapo
Mùrùbà Gbà Lə́bà 100 Gbanga
Mùrùbà Yangú Ngav̂ala 30 Gbózu Yavóró, Kàdá
MÚrÚbà Kàgà Nzê 45 Kpèyí
Mùrùbà Ngú Mburu 25 Ngbə̀lɛ́lɛ́
MĂšrĂšbĂ  MbĂ­ NgĂş 45 Gbanga
MĂšrĂšbĂ  Muruba 250 Bongo 2 neighborhoods
MÚrÚbà Sajara 130 Gàràwå, Kpèyí, Ngbalå, Sògbòrò 2 neighborhoods
MÚrÚbà Kassaï Gbanga, Kpèyí, Wàndè some families
MĂšrĂšbĂ  Kro PĂĄlĂ­ĂĄ some families
MĂšrĂšbĂ  Jamsinda some families
MĂšrĂšbĂ  Kubu some families; Golongoso road
NbĂŹyĂŹ
Ndi
Ndòkà NjÚlúgÚ ÁdÚm Mindu 250 Bangui road
Ndòkpà
NgĂ jĂ  NdĂŠlĂŠ some families
Ngàò Yangú BrinjÏ 155 Sàngàsà
Ngàò Ngú Jåkå 200 Kàbà Kpata road
Ngàò Mbólò 1 295 Gbúlú
Ngàò Mbólò 2 25 Gòv̂òrò
Ngàò Mbólò 3 260 LÏwà
Ngàò Mbólò 4 60 Gbòngó
Ngàò Gbə̀tì ə́njo 35 Dòdòrò
Ngàò Kə́lə́ Bítì 145 Dòdòrò
Ngàò VÚngbå 55 Dòdòrò
Ngàò Yàfò 30 Jùmə̀là Bangoran road
Ngàò Kàkå 120 Ndåkpå
Ngàò Dungu Yangú 105 Dòdòrò with the Muruba
Ngàò Ngàò Ndåkpå 55 Nivu (?)
Ngàò Kassaï some families
Ngàò Kro Pålíå some families
Ngápó Gbà Njípri 33 Gbàrə̀ Bangoran road
Ngápó Gbà Lə́bà 100 Dìgàò, Zàgò Bangui road; with the Muruba
NgĂĄpĂł KassaĂŻ
NgĂĄpĂł NdĂŠlĂŠ
NgbalĂĄ Ndyiri GbĂ  LĂĄbĂ  7 villages and clans
Ngbalá Ídòngó Dèngè
Ngbalá Ngú Gua (Gbɔ̀kɔ́)
Ngbalá Yangú Bə̀ (Wá Ngato)
NgbalĂĄ NgĂş MbrĂŹ (WĂ kĂ )
Ngbalå Ngú Tàgbà (Ngèlè)
Ngbalá Bangora̱ Gudèrè (Mɔ̀ʔɔ́)
Ngòlà Ndele
Ngòlà Jamsinda Golongoso road
NgĂšndĂš
Sàbángà Gbə̀tì ə́ Njo Vəjà Bangoran road
SĂ bĂĄngĂ  YangĂş GĂ lĂĄ Bangui road
Sàra DÏnjo ɲango (Bangui road) 130 some Sàra Ngàma from Chad also joined recently
Southern GbĂ gĂ 
Tàngbàgò Ngú Sua Torofay 450 total Gbòngó, Gài Bangoran road (also in South Sudan)
Tàngbàgò Tolísiò Àngbé Bangoran road
Tàngbàgò Biʃi Ngú 2 Bílí Bangui road
Tàngbàgò Sa KÚmbå Mbåkànå Bangui road
Tàngbàgò Dungu Yangú Mbåkànå some families
Tògbò (also in South Sudan)
Tulu Dèò 35 Gèndè, Manja, Ngàyà, Ngàò Kpata road
Tulu WĂŽ Fran 185 Kagba, NgulĂş
Tulu BatÊle 3 200 Gèndè, Kagba, Ngulú, Ngbenda, Ngàjà
Tulu Kro PĂĄlĂ­ĂĄ NdĂŠlĂŠ
VĂ rĂ  (also in South Sudan)
VídÏrÏ (MvÊdèrè) (also in South Sudan)
WĂĄdĂ  Kubu Golongoso road; originally from Ouadda region, in NdĂŠlĂŠ (also in South Sudan)
WĂĄdĂ  BatĂŠle 2 NdĂŠlĂŠ
WasĂĄ BatĂŠle 2 NdĂŠlĂŠ some families (also in South Sudan)
WĂšndĂš (only in South Sudan)
YakpĂ  (also in DR Congo)
YĂ ngere

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Banda-Bambari at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Banda-Banda at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Banda-Mbrès at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Banda-NdĂŠlĂŠ at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Togbo-Vara Banda at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Mid-Southern Banda at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    (Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box)
  2. ^ Sampson, Douglas L. (1985). The phonology of Banda-Tangbago. In Schuh, Russell G. (ed.), Papers from the fifteenth conference on African linguistics: Los Angeles: University of California. pp. 269–274.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  3. ^ Hartell, Rhonda L. (1993). Alphabets des langues africaines. UNESCO and SociĂŠtĂŠ Internationale de Linguistique.
  4. ^ a b MoĂąino, Yves (1988). Lexique comparatif des langues oubanguiennes. Paris: Geuthner.
  5. ^ a b Nougayrol, Pierre. 1989. Les Groupes Banda du Bamingui-Bangoran (RCA). RĂŠvue d'Ethnolinguistique (Cahiers du LACITO) 4: 197-208.
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