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July 21

another interwiki link/merge required

this time its Gare de Coussac-Bonneval with the same named article in the French wikipedia... Thanks GrahamHardy (talk) 00:54, 21 July 2013 (UTC) Oh and similarly Gare de La Meyze, thanks GrahamHardy (talk) 01:03, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Sorted. Jolly Ω Janner 01:05, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

American Girl: Saige paints the sky

The plot summary of this movie is completely erroneous and offensive. Jennifer J. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 166.137.209.176 (talk) 03:35, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

There was some vandalism that has been fixed. RudolfRed (talk) 03:51, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Customizing diff tool for article revisions

Is there a way to customize the article revision diff? If somebody edits the middle of a paragraph, sometimes it shows up as the entire paragraph removed and re-added. Here'x an example: old history diff of Virtual_DOS_machine article Proxyma (talk) 07:34, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets has the option "wikEdDiff, improved diff view between article versions". It's often better than the default diff. PrimeHunter (talk) 10:16, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Awesome thanks, I'll check it out! Proxyma (talk) 17:35, 22 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Fake article policy

Although I know that there is a widely held sentiment that a user page should not simulate an article, I can't find a policy or guideline that actually addresses the practice. Does anyone know of one? —teb728 t c 08:29, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

WP:FAKEARTICLE addresses this: "Userspace is not a free web host and should not be used to indefinitely host pages that look like articles,..." (emphasis mine). Dismas|^(talk) 09:10, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Thanks, I searched for "fake article" in project space. And although WP:UP was the first hit, it found fake and article as separate words in another section of the page. —teb728 t c 09:29, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Is there a particular article in user space that is a fake article? Has the user been warned on his or her talk page? Robert McClenon (talk) 14:50, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

I came across a few yesterday made by editors who are here just to promote themselves. I just blanked them (check my contribs with edit summaries of WP:FAKEARTICLE). --NeilN ^{talk to me} 14:57, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Robert, if your question was directed to me: The user page I had in mind was speedied under G11 (with no prior reference to WP:FAKEARTICLE). I was looking for an official guideline to explain to the user why it really was deleted (and also to explain to the user who tagged it for deletion why IMO speedy was inappropriate). —teb728 t c 18:20, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

question

What are the ways to check environmental pollution caused due to combustion?--~astro — Preceding unsigned comment added by Aalapthi (talk • contribs) 11:02, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

The Help Desk is for questions about using Wikipedia only. You should ask at the Reference Desk Science section instead. Rojomoke (talk) 11:08, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

But note that we won't do your homework for you.--ukexpat (talk) 13:26, 22 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Template:sfn

Resolved

I am using {{sfn}} at Whaam!. For the Coplans refs I can not get the link to the reference section to work. I have left a note at the template talk too.--TonyTheTiger (T/C/BIO/WP:CHICAGO/WP:FOUR) 15:59, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

There are at least two ways to do it: remove "(ed.) " from the sfn templates, or change ref = harv to ref = CITEREFCoplans.28ed..29_1972 in that book's ref in the References section. The first one is probably better, because {{sfn}} accepts authors or editors, but use the second option if you want to specify that Coplans is the editor in the ref. ~Hue Sat Lum 16:18, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

I removed the ps parameter from the template and it worked when I previewed the changes (I did not save the edit). Maybe something in your complex ps reacted badly with the sfn template. Why not set it up in your sandbox and simplify the ps until it works. Jc3s5h (talk) 16:35, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Thx.--TonyTheTiger (T/C/BIO/WP:CHICAGO/WP:FOUR) 16:54, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

help publishing an article

hi, i've just drafted an article in my sandbox and have no idea how to publish the article. entirely new to this. any help would be appreciated! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Anathema68/sandbox — Preceding unsigned comment added by Anathema68 (talk • contribs) 17:48, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

You've just marked it as ready for review. Now you just need to be patient and wait for a reviewer to provide comments. RudolfRed (talk) 18:03, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Correction requested

The category Roman Nimes needs to be corrected to Roman Nîmes. Can't figure out how to do it myself - sorry! Awien (talk) 17:55, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

If I understand correctly, you need to list the move/rename request at Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion. RudolfRed (talk) 18:05, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Thanks! Awien (talk) 19:18, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Uploading a modified image

Hello. I want to upload the loading screen of an old adventure game, which is as small as 256x192 pixels. May I upscale it by a factor of two and without any interpolation so as it will not look tiny on modern high-resolution displays? Ant 222 (talk) 18:43, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

You probably cannot upload any such screen shot as you do not own the copyright on the original game. In a very limited number of cases, Wikipedia can sometimes accept a copyrighted work. If, and only if, the picture meets one of these criteria it could be uploaded. --Jayron32 18:53, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Why not? Posting cover art and even a screenshot seems allowed, see Dune_(video_game) for an example... Ant 222 (talk) 18:58, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

It is, as I said, so long as it meets the limited criteria and you follow the myriad of rules to do so. Most of the time, copyrighted works are NOT allowed at Wikipedia. If, perchance, this use you propose is allowed, be certain to follow all the rules for including it. --Jayron32 19:28, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

OK, thanks. I'll try it and see how it pans out. But what's with my original question about posting a resized screenshot? Ant 222 (talk) 19:38, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

@Ant 222: You don't own the copyright to a screenshot; modifying it makes it an unauthorized derivative work. There are still (legal) fair use defenses, but showing readers something larger than existed in real life doesn't seem to me one of those (successful) defenses. More generally, you might want to read Wikipedia:Non-free use rationale guideline. -- John Broughton (♫♫) 01:20, 22 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Thank you, John. I had read the Rationale and will upload the screenshot in its original glory. Ant 222 (talk) 16:00, 22 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Request to review a draft

Hello again, may I kindly ask you to review my draft and point out its most serious problems so as I could fix them before publishing the article? Ant 222 (talk) 18:59, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Oh, that's just what the "submit" link does. Request retracted. Ant 222 (talk) 20:09, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Invisalign page

dear Sir/Madam I have just spent over an hour editing the Invisalign page and adding more content, but I am unable to save the edits. I do not want to lose the work, can someone help me either save the page or read the page and save for me? Below are the paragraphs to which I have edited/added as a whole replacement.

collapsing wall of text.--ukexpat (talk) 13:02, 22 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Advantages The most obvious advantage of the treatment is cosmetic: the aligners are completely transparent, therefore far more difficult to detect than traditional wire and bracket braces. This makes the method particularly popular among adults who want to straighten their teeth without the look of traditional metal braces, which are commonly worn by children and adolescents. Great for patients with spaces between their teeth.Once the aligner is worn the spaces become less visible, so instant orthodontics. As there is natural space present it is easier for Align technicians to analyse the correct plan and also avoid IPR, see below. Some cases have been done by Dr Raj Kumar with just 2 visits in between! In addition, the aligners are marketed as being more comfortable than braces.[4]Most patients feel the tension from each aligner for 2-3 days only after which the patient hardly notices the aligners. There are no wires, sharp brackets to worry about. As each aligner has a 2 week force then there is little discomfort as opposed to fixed braces whereby at each appointment the wire is tightened for a 6-8 week movement. The low level of discomfort with Invisalign means that patients are so happy to wear them that they rarely stop until they are completely satisfied. Refinements become de rigeur. Some patients tongues do need 1-2 aligners to get used to the aligner edges however. With the new Smart track aligner material the aligners are more flexible, have less immediate tension and work on teeth better. Most dentists create space by up righting crowded teeth or dental arch expansion; so a rarely mentioned advantage is a wider smile. As the smile becomes wider there is less emphasis on the anterior crowding and so patients are pleased with the changes very early on. With fixed braces most patients only get to see their real smile once the brackets are removed. It has been known for patients to notice a visual difference within 3 aligners or 6 weeks of starting treatment. Some vocalists with dental crowding and arch collapse have commented that their singing has improved due to the up righting of the teeth and the creation of more free way space. As with all patients who mumble, introducing 2 aligners into the mouth makes mumbling even more difficult, so most patients have to open their mouths more and their speech improves. Intruding or pushing teeth in/up or down can also create space for dental crowding as well as producing an even gum line. This can also help in reducing a deep overbite and correcting a gummy smile to a small extent. In all cases, flossing becomes the norm and if one eats three times a day then one flosses the same. Oral hygiene can improve due to the introduction of a new daily regime. Some patients have commented that they can now floss that crowded tooth.

Due to the removable nature of the device, food can be consumed without the encumbrance of metallic braces. It is advised that patients do not sip sugary or acidic drinks with aligners in as this will cause dental erosion and even shortening of the upper incisors. Clinically, aligners avoid many of the side effects of traditional fixed appliances,[5] for example the effects on the gums and supporting tissues.[6] Almost all other types of orthodontic treatment will cause the roots of teeth to shorten (root resorption) for most patients,[7] and demineralisation or tooth decay occurs in up to 50% of patients[8] because (unlike Invisalign) they cannot be removed for eating and cleaning, and because they prevent accurate x-rays from being taken. Patients "graduate" to a new set of aligners in their treatment series approximately every two weeks. The aligners give less force per week and less pain than do fixed appliances (traditional metal braces). Fixed appliances are adjusted approximately every six weeks and apply greater forces.[9] Aligners should be removed to eat, drink, to clean the teeth, or to have them checked by the clinician. Because patients are able to remove the aligners, there are no restrictions on foods that could damage the appliances. Computerized treatment planning is compulsory as part of the aligner protocol. As with other forms of orthodontic treatments that incorporate a computerized plan with 3D imaging that allows the prospective patient to review the projected results, learn how long the treatment is likely to take, compare different plans, and make a more educated decision about whether or not to use Invisalign. [10] Align treatments have been claimed to be quicker than traditional orthodontics. A large-scale study of 408 patients with traditional appliances in Indiana took an average of 35.92 months with a maximum of 96 months,[11] while Invisalign takes between 12–18 months.[5][12] In a much smaller study[13] Invisalign was shown to be faster and achieve straighter teeth than alternatives but relapsed to ultimately get similar results to the traditional appliances examined. The study was considered by the authors, however, to be too small for many conclusions to be statistically significant. Furthermore, this general concept that Invisalign is faster has been challenged by the Invisalign review which points out that there are other brace appliance systems that take half the time, for example by incorporating surgery or temporary implants that insert into the patient's bone, to accelerate the procedure.[citation needed] Disadvantages Invisalign does not require a cephalometric radiograph. Orthodontists use this type of x-ray to find a treatment for the final angulation of the teeth, keeping in mind the patient's facial profile. Invisalign does not take this into account and does not require a cephalometric radiograph, because an orthodontist plans treatment, not Invisalign (Align Technology). Most patients have simple to moderate crowding and as the dentist is tipping or rotating teeth within their local area a Ceph is not necessary. In extreme cases and in skeletal discrepancy cases there is a place for Ceph radiographs. As a panoral radiograph is already subjecting the patient to radiation one should ask whether there is an advantage in as Ceph as standard practice. The Ceph radiograph is of limited use as some of the teeth in question are overlapped on the image. Like traditional fixed braces, they are largely dependent on a patient's habits and their cooperation. The success of the Invisalign aligners is based on a patient's commitment to wear the aligners for a minimum of 20–22 hours per day, only removing them when they are eating, or brushing their teeth. The system is also somewhat expensive, as conceded by the Align company[citation needed] and can be more expensive than traditional wire and bracket systems. It depends where you have them fitted. A reputable dentist will charge similar fees for full arch Invisalign or fixed braces. The aligners must be removed before eating, an advantage and disadvantage depending upon the person. They and the teeth should be cleaned before re-inserting them afterwards. The aligners should always be removed when eating, and also when drinking anything that is sugary or acidic only. Sugars and other debris could become caught in the aligner causing cavities and other dental problems. Because the aligners are removed for eating, they could be lost. Dr Raj Kumar recommends that the patient put in the next set of aligners in case this happens. However, Invisalign provides two plastic containers to keep the braces in, so they are less subject to loss or damage. Certain teeth are slightly problematic for Invisalign aligners to rotate. Some lower premolars and canines with their rounded shape can be difficult for the aligners to grasp and apply a rotational force to, so bonded attachments made from composite material may be required.[14] Small peg shaped teeth such as lateral incisors are also difficult to grasp and rotate. Rotation is more problematic with most teeth. Also, due to the nature of the design, Invisalign treatment may require the use of auxiliary techniques for teeth that require vertical movement, such as teeth that are higher in the gum line than other teeth (known as intrusion and extrusion of teeth). The aligners (without composite attachments) work by applying pressure on teeth, whereas teeth that are too low or too high require pulling/pushing to be moved into place. This would require the use of different types and styles of composite attachments called Buttons on certain teeth with the use of elastics to accomplish the intrusion/extrusion. [15] Unlike traditional braces, if a patient grinds or clenches her or his teeth during the day or while sleeping, the aligners can become damaged, however this protects the teeth from damage which would otherwise occur. In practice, however, this problem is very rare and a new aligner can be ordered. Also, similar to traditional metal braces, aligners may cause a slight lisp at the beginning of treatment. This usually disappears as the patient becomes used to the treatment. The aligners are constructed of implantable-grade polyurethane, and the Align company has acknowledged that, though extremely rare, there may be cases of allergic and toxic sensitivity reactions to Invisalign.[16] Minor symptoms such as sore throat, cough, and nausea have been reported. Due to the nature of the treatment and the need to move the teeth mouth and jaw pain can be expected when changing aligners. Headaches can also be a disadvantage. In more serious cases, the FDA has received reports of systemic swelling or throat pain that has extended to the upper chest and wind passages requiring emergency medical treatment and discontinuation of the Invisalign treatment.[citation needed] While the Invisalign company provides no information except the MSDS (material safety data sheet) directly to patients or orthodontists, working through the patient's orthodontist Invisalign will make the aligners with several different materials to attempt to reduce toxic or allergic sensitivity. Should the treatment go off track, or patients fail to keep the aligners in for the required length of time, then the next aligner in the series will not fit, and a new set of impressions and aligners will be necessary, adding to the cost.[12] Interproximal reduction IPR

The aim of all orthodontic systems is to create space to alleviate dental crowding. The dentist can expand the dental arch, remove teeth or reduce the widths (enamel contact between the) of the teeth, IPR. In my experience IPR can be safely carried out at the beginning of treatment between the premolars and molars if necessary. IPR around crowded anterior teeth should be left until the teeth are straighter and the contacts become more accessible. In my practice Invisalign is used to treat the whole arch as opposed to just the front 6 teeth. The latter method invites early or aggressive anterior IPR. Early stage IPR is difficult to do, leads to unnecessary enamel removal and in come cases deforms teeth shapes at the end. Invisalign can be used without any IPR so long as the scanning and analysis shows that space is available. Otherwise the patient may accept a less than perfect result. In dental crowding the bone and gum tissue between teeth has been reduced. When these teeth are straightened one may develop soft tissue triangular spaces due to this. These can be unsightly and food traps. IPR can be added near the end of treatment to bring the teeth contacts closer together. In cases where they cannot be removed completely then one may use composite infills or wait till science invents stem cell rejuvenation.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Forma Dental (talk • contribs) 19:12, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Can you help us out by saying what interest you have in this business? Are you the owner, employee, or agent etc?--Aspro (talk) 19:47, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

It's not clear why you were unable to save your edits, but I see that you subsequently did so, and were then reverted by User:Flyer22 because the material you added was unsourced. I haven't looked closely at what you added, but the material in bold above (I'm not sure who bolded it) is completely inappropriate in tone for an encyclopaedia article: it needs to be written in proper sentences, and not only should not have an exclamation mark, it should not be written in a way which invites an exclamation mark. --ColinFine (talk) 20:03, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

I agree with ColinFine. Flyer22 (talk) 20:05, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

@Forma Dental: Please review WP:NOTADVICE. In general, when adding content to an article at Wikipedia, it's best to start with reliable sources, and limit the information you add to what is within those sources. Also note that personal knowledge is not an acceptable basis for adding content. -- John Broughton (♫♫) 01:24, 22 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

another interwiki link/merge required

Can somebody link Gare de La Rivière-de-Mansac with the identically named article in the French wikipedia ? Thanks GrahamHardy (talk) 22:09, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

I have added the link at Wikidata: [1]. ~Hue Sat Lum 23:58, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Famous African American Families

Famous families from this ethic group have truly made a difference this country and the world Also how one famous family is related to another famous family in this country and how the in related families communicate and work today

For example

Branch
Bell
Drinkard
Jackson
Robinson
Young
Preston
Washington
Brown
Lee — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.171.77.135 (talk) 23:18, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Do you have a specific suggestion for how Wikipedia can be improved? Robert McClenon (talk) 00:50, 22 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Photo for Article

I have a very nice photo of a prehensile-tailed porcupine that I shot this weekend that is much clearer than what you have and I wanted to upload it. I will be happy to send it to whomever can do that for me. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wikinoobie1 (talk • contribs) 21:53, 21 July 2013 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wikinoobie1 (talk • contribs) 23:19, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

You can upload it yourself at commons:Special:UploadWizard. PrimeHunter (talk) 23:41, 21 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Done: File:Prehensile-tailed porcupine.jpg

Thanks, but I do not have the power to add it to the page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wikinoobie1 (talk • contribs) 00:22, 22 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Actually you do. Just click the "Edit source" tab at Prehensile-tailed porcupine and replace the existing file name (the "Edit" tab can also do it but it's more complicated). PrimeHunter (talk) 01:27, 22 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Done--ukexpat (talk) 13:34, 22 July 2013 (UTC)[reply]