2025 Kyrgyz parliamentary election

2025 Kyrgyz parliamentary election

30 November 2025
All 90 seats in the Supreme Council 46 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	36.9% ( 2.29pp)
Party Leader Vote % Seats +/– Ata-Jurt Aibek Matkerimov Mekenchil Kamchybek Tashiev Ishenim Azamat Doroyev Yntymak Chingiz Makeshov Eldik Akylbek Tumonbayev Alliance Mirlan Jeenchoroyev Butun Kyrgyzstan Adakhan Madumarov Yiman Nuru Nurzhigit Kadyrbekov Social Democrats Temirlan Sultanbekov Independents – This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. Speaker of the Supreme Council before Nurlanbek Turgunbek uulu Mekenchil

Snap parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 30 November 2025 to elect members of the Supreme Council, following the self-dissolution of parliament in September 2025. The parliamentary elections were initially planned for November 2026 under the regular electoral calendar.

Background

The Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan (Jogorku Kenesh), the country's unicameral parliament, was elected in November 2021 following the annulment of the 2020 parliamentary elections and the resignation of President Sooronbay Jeenbekov. These elections were the first conducted under constitutional amendments adopted earlier in 2021, which strengthened presidential powers and reduced parliamentary authority. The legislature consisted of 90 deputies, elected through a mixed-member majoritarian representation.

In 2024, the government implemented major administrative-territorial reforms, redefining the boundaries of rural municipalities (aiyl aimaks) and cities, reorganizing local councils, and clarifying the competencies of local authorities. Observers noted that these reforms created a misalignment between parliamentary representation and the newly structured administrative units.

The political situation in the country under President Sadyr Japarov has been described as "stifled" and "increasingly restricted".

Constitutional changes and snap election speculations

Speculation about early parliamentary elections began in early 2025. In February, Speaker Nurlanbek Turgunbek uulu dismissed rumors of early voting, confirming that both parliamentary and presidential elections would follow their constitutionally scheduled dates. In April 2025, parliament approved a constitutional amendment moving the next presidential election to January 2027, separating it from the parliamentary elections originally scheduled for November 2026. Officials, including Deputy Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Edil Baisalov, emphasized that no early elections were planned at that time.

On 2 July 2025, President Sadyr Japarov made an unannounced working visit to Moscow to meet with Russian President Vladimir Putin, ostensibly to discuss bilateral issues and migration concerns. That trip prompted speculation that Japarov may also have been seeking tacit support from Russia for early parliamentary elections, given forecasts that such elections could occur ahead of the 2026 schedule. Japarov publicly denied those claims, stating electoral timing is a purely internal matter.

Parliamentary dissolution

By mid-September 2025, a group of deputies initiated a proposal for early self-dissolution of the Supreme Council. The initiative reportedly began around 15 September 2025 and gathered the 32 signatures required to trigger parliamentary consideration, with Speaker Nurlanbek Turgunbek uulu confirming receipt of the 32-deputy proposal and noted that its arguments were reasonable. The initiative group emphasized that holding the parliamentary elections alongside the presidential election in January 2027 would overburden the Central Election Commission and create logistical challenges.

On 23 September 2025, the Committee on Constitutional Legislation, State Structure, Judicial and Legal Issues, and Rules of Procedure approved the proposal. By this time, debate over early dissolution had intensified. Central Election Commission (CEC) chairman Tynchynbek Shainazarov stated that the CEC was technically prepared to administer early elections should parliament adopt a decision on self-dissolution, emphasizing that the proximity of the 2026–2027 electoral cycle could create overlap and legal disputes.

The proposal generated debate among deputies. Alliance faction leader Janar Akayev supported early dissolution, citing electoral administration concerns and the need to align parliamentary representation with the restructured administrative units. Other deputies, including Cholpon Sultanbekova, endorsed the measure to ensure the legislature reflected recent reforms. Critics, such as Iskhak Masaliev, argued that the initiative could indicate presidential influence and risk the independence of parliament.

On 24 September 2025, the 7th convocation of the Supreme Council unanimously voted to dissolve itself for the first time in Kyrgyzstan's history. Out of 90 registered deputies, 89 attended the session, and 84 voted in favor, with no opposition. Turgunbek uulu confirmed the deputies acted independently and that the parliament would retain its powers until the next convocation. According to law, the president must call early elections within five days. On 30 September 2025, President Sadyr Japarov signed a decree setting the parliamentary elections for 30 November 2025, stating the decision was intended to maintain political stability, prevent overlap of electoral cycles, and provide the CEC adequate time to prepare, while assuring supervision of a fair and transparent vote.

Electoral system

Under 2025 amendments to Constitutional Law "On Elections of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic and Deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh", Kyrgyzstan replaced its previous mixed electoral system with a new majoritarian representation framework. The Supreme Council will continue to consist of 90 deputies, but they will now be elected from 30 multi-member districts, each returning three representatives by SNTV: each voter has one vote and the top three are elected, provided there is at least one man and one woman elected. This change abolished the earlier arrangement of electing deputies partly through open party-list proportional representation on a nationwide constituency and partly through single-member districts using first-past-the-post voting.

The reform was intended to simplify the voting process, harmonize parliamentary representation with ongoing administrative–territorial reforms, and reduce the disparity between deputies elected by party lists and those elected in electoral districts. Independent candidates may compete alongside party nominees, giving voters the option to choose either party-affiliated or non-party candidates within their district.

Constituencies

In March 2025, the CEC began the process of setting the boundaries based on proposals from local authorities, with constituencies averaging around 140,000 voters. If a deputy's mandate becomes vacant, the seat is filled by the candidate with the next highest number of votes in that constituency.

On 1 October 2025, the CEC approved the schemes and boundaries of the constituencies for the 2025 parliamentary elections as follows:

Region	Number of constituencies	Seats	Main constituency centers
Batken Region	3	9	Razzakov, Kadamjai, Kyzyl-Kiya
Osh Region and Osh	7	21	Nookat, Aravan, Osh, Kara-Suu, Gulcho, Uzgen, Kara-Kulja
Jalal-Abad Region	5	15	Manas, Suzak, Masy, Toktogul, Kerben
Talas Region	2	6	Talas, Kara-Balta
Chui Region and Bishkek	7	21	Bishkek (No. 21–24), Lebedinovka, Kant, Tokmak
Issyk-Kul and Naryn Region	6	18	Cholpon-Ata, Kyzyl-Suu, Kochkor, Naryn
Total	30	90	—

Parties

See also: List of political parties in Kyrgyzstan

Parliamentary parties

The table below presents the political party factions represented in the 7th convocation of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan before its dissolution.

Name			Ideology	Position	Leader(s)	2021 result		Seats at dissolution
						Votes (%)	Seats
	AJK	Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan	Kyrgyz nationalism	Right-wing	Aibek Matkerimov	19.07%	15 / 90	20 / 90
	Mekenchil	Mekenchil	Right-wing populism	Right-wing	Kamchybek Tashiev	DNP		16 / 90
	Ishenim	Ishenim	Communitarianism	Centre-right	Azamat Doroyev	15.03%	12 / 90	12 / 90
	Yntymak	Yntymak	Social conservatism	Centre-right	Chingis Makeshov	12.13%	9 / 90	9 / 90
	Alliance	Alliance	Populism	Centre to centre-left	Mirlan Jeenchoroyev	9.19%	8 / 90	9 / 90
	BK	United Kyrgyzstan	National conservatism	Centre-right to right-wing	Adakhan Madumarov	7.77%	5 / 90	5 / 90
	YN	Light of Faith	Islamic democracy	Centre-right	Nurzhigit Kadyrbekov	6.78%	5 / 90	5 / 90
	SD	Social Democrats	Social democracy	Centre-left	Temirlan Sultanbekov	3.51%	1 / 90	1 / 90

Contesting parties

As of 9 October 2025, three political parties — Legalize, Kyrk Uuz, and Yntymak — have officially submitted applications to the CEC to participate in the parliamentary elections. On 22 October 2025, the CEC accepted the withdrawal of the Kyrk Uuz party from the race and annulled the registration of its authorized representatives.

Name			Ideology	Position	Leader(s)	2021 result
						Votes (%)	Seats
	Legalize	Legalize	Cannabis decriminalization	Centre-left	Aydar Madylbekov	0.69%	0 / 90
	Yntymak	Yntymak	Social conservatism	Centre-right	Chingis Makeshov	12.13%	9 / 90

Disqualification of the Social Democrats

In November 2024, the Sverdlovsk District Court of Bishkek placed Social Democrats party leader Temirlan Sultanbekov and party members Irina Karamushkina and Roza Turksever in pre-trial detention on charges of vote buying during the 2024 Bishkek City Council elections. Following the investigation by the Investigative Service of the Bishkek City Department of Internal Affairs, the Bishkek City Court in April 2025 upheld their convictions, sentencing them to three years of probation and ordering 12 million soms in compensation to victims, along with the confiscation of property.

As a result of the ruling, the Bishkek City Court, on 15 October 2025, upheld the earlier verdict, thereby barring the Social Democrats party from participating in the 2025 parliamentary elections. Temirlan Sultanbekov denounced the decision as politically motivated and announced plans to appeal to the Supreme Court, calling the case an attempt to exclude his party from the electoral process.

Timeline

On 30 September 2025, after the decree of President Sadyr Japarov setting the date for early elections, the Central Election Commission approved the Calendar Plan for the organization and conduct of the early elections of deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic, as follows:

Timeline of the 2025 Kyrgyz parliamentary election

Date Event description By 5 October 2025 Formation and approval of schemes and boundaries of electoral districts After formation of districts Formation of district election commissions Following district commissions Formation of polling stations abroad, based on suggestions from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs By 14 October 2025 Posting of preliminary voter lists in polling stations for review by voters 8 October – 14 November 2025 Acceptance of applications for correction or clarification of voter list data By 10 November 2025 Posting of voter control lists in polling stations for review By 25 November 2025 Posting of final voter lists in polling stations Within 3 days after election announcement Political parties submit written notification of participation in elections to the CEC

Date Event description By 30 October 2025 Nomination of candidates in multi-member constituencies By 2 November 2025, 18:00 Submission of documents for registration of candidates By 10 November 2025 Registration of candidates for deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh 10 – 29 November 2025 Election campaigning By 28 November 2025 Acceptance of applications from voters to vote outside their assigned polling station (remote voting) On 30 November 2025, 08:00 – 20:00 Voting for deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh By 14 December 2025 Determination and announcement of election results

Conduct

Voter registration

As of 29 September 2025, the Central Election Commission reported that 4,237,000 citizens were registered as eligible voters in Kyrgyzstan. According to Deputy Chairperson Aidana Zhupueva, the distribution of the electorate will be carried out across 30 constituencies, each comprising on average about 140,000 voters, with a permitted deviation of up to 20%.

Voting technologies

Since 2015, Kyrgyzstan has been among the first states in the region to introduce digital technologies into the electoral process. That year, biometric identification of voters and automatic ballot boxes were implemented, with more than 700 international observers following the process. In 2025, the CEC announced the use of a new "5-in-1" technological complex, developed in cooperation with suppliers from South Korea. The system combines biometric identification by passports, video surveillance in polling stations, and automated processing of data. Officials emphasized that this system reduces costs, accelerates voter identification, and increases transparency of elections.

Remote voting and identification system

Amendments to the Kyrgyz electoral law, introduced the mechanism of online identification for remote voting. Under this system, citizens may vote at a polling station outside their home district, with their ballot being counted in the constituency of permanent registration. The reform was presented as a measure to facilitate participation of internal migrants and Kyrgyz citizens temporarily or permanently abroad. In September 2025, the CEC carried out pilot testing of the system in Batken Region and reported that it had functioned successfully.

Campaign regulations

Under the same amendments, requirements for parliamentary candidates were tightened. Candidates for the Supreme Council must demonstrate knowledge of the Kyrgyz language, although the precise level of proficiency and certification procedures are still to be defined by the government. Citizens with criminal records that were annulled through statute of limitations, reconciliation of the parties, or restitution of damages remain ineligible to run.

In addition, the electoral deposit for candidates was raised to 300,000 soms, while the maximum campaign fund for party lists was increased to 20 million soms. The CEC reiterated that in multi-member constituencies, each voter may support only one candidate, a principle summarized as "one voter — one candidate — one vote". The Commission has also issued warnings against vote buying, controlled voting, and fraudulent agitators, noting that law enforcement bodies cooperate by monitoring campaign activities to safeguard public order.

Funding

The CEC approved a budget of 700 million soms for the electoral organization. Of this, 382.7 million soms were allocated for CEC operational needs, including equipment, training, and remuneration; 259.2 million soms for district election commissions; and 58 million soms for organizing overseas voting. In total, over 25,000 participants, including members of 2,622 precinct and 30 district commissions, will be involved in the electoral process.

Results

The Central Election Commission reported that voter turnout was 36.9%. According to preliminary results, 50 MPs from the previous parliament were re-elected. The rest of the seats were won by various entrepreneurs, business owners, and government officials.