Beta-dual space

In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, the beta-dual or β-dual is a certain linear subspace of the algebraic dual of a sequence space.

Definition

Given a sequence space X, the β-dual of X is defined as

$X^{\beta }:=\left\{x\in \mathbb {K} ^{\mathbb {N} }\ :\ \sum _{i=1}^{\infty }x_{i}y_{i}{\text{ converges }}\quad \forall y\in X\right\}.$

Here, $\mathbb {K} \in \{\mathbb {R} ,\mathbb {C} \}$ so that $\mathbb {K}$ denotes either the real or complex scalar field.

If X is an FK-space then each y in X^β defines a continuous linear form on X

$f_{y}(x):=\sum _{i=1}^{\infty }x_{i}y_{i}\qquad x\in X.$

Examples

• $c_{0}^{\beta }=\ell ^{1}$
• $(\ell ^{1})^{\beta }=\ell ^{\infty }$
• $\omega ^{\beta }=\{0\}$

Properties

The beta-dual of an FK-space E is a linear subspace of the continuous dual of E. If E is an FK-AK space then the beta dual is linear isomorphic to the continuous dual.