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Labeo

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the fish genus. For the ancient Roman cognomen, see Labeo (cognomen). For the medieval German monk, see Notker Labeo.

Labeo
orangefin labeo (Labeo calbasu)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Subfamily: Labeoninae
Genus: Labeo
Cuvier, 1816
Type species
Cyprinus niloticus
Forsskål, 1775
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]
  • Abrostomus Smith, 1841
  • Chrysophekadion Bleeker, 1860
  • Morulius Hamilton, 1822
  • Rohita Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842
  • Rohitichthys Bleeker, 1860

Labeo is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae, the family of carps and barbs. They are found in freshwater habitats in the tropics and subtropics of Africa and Asia. It contains the typical labeos in the subfamily Labeoninae (alternatively, the tribe Labeonini or subtribe Labeoina, if subsumed into Cyprininae).

Description

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The labeos appear fairly similar to the "freshwater sharks" of the genus Epalzeorhynchos, which is also part of the same clade though not very closely related; labeos are larger, and have a more spindle-shaped body, as they are mostly free-swimming rather than the benthic Epalzeorhynchos. Their mouths are distinct as well; labeos have a pronounced rostral cap, which covers the upper lip except when feeding.[verification needed][2] The genus name Labeo is Latin for "one who has large lips";[3] their lips are expanded into thick, sausage-shaped pads which have keratinized edges. Thus, their mouth parts are moderately apomorphic; not as little-developed as in barbs or in Epalzeorhynchos, but neither as extensive as in, for example, Garra or Ptychidio.[2]

Labeos have a pair of barbels on the rostrum or snout and another pair at the rear edges of the lower maxilla, which has been lost in some of their relatives; this feature is common among the Cyprinidae. They have a well-developed vomeropalatine organ.[clarification needed] In the Weberian apparatus, the posterior supraneural bone is elongated and contacts the skull at the forward end.[2]

Taxonomy

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Species

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These are the currently recognized species in this genus:[4]

Phylogeny

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The type species of Labeo, Labeo niloticus (=Labeo vulgaris), were grouped together with L. horie, L. senegalensis, L. weeksii, L. mesops, L. lineatus, L. rosae, L. altivelis, and L. ruddi,[5][6] but more recently was found to clade with L. ruddi, L. capensis, L. umbratus, and a number of undescribed species.[7]

The following maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree is based on a dataset of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, from Yang et al. 2012, with updated binomial names:[8]

Labeoina

"Labeoina" is the most basal clade within Labeonini sensu Yang et al. 2012 (=Labeoninae sensu EcOF/WoRMS).[8]

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Labeo.
  1. ^ Bailly, Nicolas (2014). "Labeo Cuvier, 1816". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  2. ^ a b c Stiassny, M. L. and A. Getahun. (2007). An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150(1), 41–83.
  3. ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (7 September 2023). "Family CYPRINIDAE: Subfamily LABEONINAE Bleeker 1859 (Labeos)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  4. ^ Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Labeo". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  5. ^ Reid, G.M. (1985). A revision of the African species of Labeo (Pisces: Cyprinidae) and a re-definition of the genus. Theses Zoologicae. 6: 1–322.
  6. ^ "NEW INSIGHT INTO THE PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE CYPRINID FISHES LABEO (CYPRINIDAE; CYPRINIFORMES) IN AFRICA WITH EVIDENCE FOR CRYPTIC DIVERSITY IN ETHIOPIA". Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences. 18 (2): 159–184. January 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2025.
  7. ^ Tobit L.D. Liyandja; Brian T. Smith; S. Elizabeth Alter; Brian L. Sidlauskas; Melanie L.J. Stiassny (December 2025). "Phylogenomics of African Labeo (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) emphasizing central African species". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 213 108427. Bibcode:2025MolPE.21308427L. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2025.108427. PMID 40769336.
  8. ^ a b Lei Yang; M. Arunachalam; Tetsuya Sado; Boris A. Levin; Alexander S. Golubtsov; Jörg Freyhof; John P. Friel; Wei-Jen Chen; M. Vincent Hirt; Raja Manickam; Mary K. Agnew; Andrew M. Simons; Kenji Saitoh; Masaki Miya; Richard L. Mayden; Shunping He (21 June 2012). "Molecular phylogeny of the cyprinid tribe Labeonini (Teleostei: Cypriniformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 65 (2): 362–379. Bibcode:2012MolPE..65..362Y. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.06.007. PMID 22728909.
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