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The Arab Israeli Wars

The Arab Isreali Wars
	Part of the Arab–Israeli conflict, the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, the Arab Cold War, the Cold War, and Middle Eastern proxy conflicts
Date	May 15, 1948, to October 25, 1973 (25 years, 5 months and 10 days)
Location	The Levant , Middle East
Result	Isreali Victory
Belligerents
Israel supported by United States	Arab League Egypt; Syria; Jordan; Iraq; Minor involvement:; Lebanon supported by Soviet Union

The Arab Israeli Wars was a series of conflicts in the mid-20th century in the Middle East involving the neighboring Arab countries and Israel.

The wars spanning from 1948 to 1973 consists of conflict over the independence of an Israeli state. Disputes over residence in the nation of Palestine persists to this day.

Background

In 1897, there was an ideological and religious movement called Zionism. In which the idea of a Jewish national homeland exists. During the First World War, two agreements the: Balfour Declaration and Sykes Picot Agreement were created; shaping the modern Middle East. The Balfour Declaration was the agreement to promise the Jewish people: a national homeland post war in Palestine.

Interwar era

Between the wars, there were attempts from the British to remedy the situation. Such as creating the White Paper limiting the amount of Jewish immigration to Palestine. Conflicts in the British mandate of Palestine were also brewing as both Jewish people and Arab nationalist disputes into outright conflict.

Post World War II

After the Second World War, mass exoduses of Israeli and Jewish refugees fled to British Palestine to escape the Holocaust. As the mass refugees fled, they came into conflict with the local Palestinians residing there. The United Nations proposed a two-state plan where both Israelis and Palestinians roughly get the same amount of land. Both parties failed to come to an agreement leading to war.

Conflicts

The first of the conflicts was the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It started over disputes of the status of the independence of Israel and the failure of a two-state solution. The war results in an Israel victory, causing mass exodus and displacements of Palestinians.

In 1956, the Suez Crisis occurred, the British and the French tried to reassert over their colonial holdings. Along with Israel, the three countries tried to take over the Suez Canal as much to the United States and the Soviet Union's disapproval. It was military victory for the three countries but a political victory for Egypt due them gaining sovereignty over the canal.

In 1967, Six-Day War was a rapid and clear decisive victory for the Israelis. As the war started off with the Arab countries off guard. Knocking out the air forces of Egypt, Syria, and Jordan respectively. Afterwards, the ground war commenced. As Israel quickly took over the Sinai Peninsula, the Suez Canal from Egypt, the West Bank from Jordan and the Golan Heights from Syria. This extreme loss of land led to a revanchist mindset which sets the stage for the last war.

Interlude

Between the Six Day War and Yom Kippur War, there were some minor conflicts over the Suez Canal and disputes over the Golan Heights.

Resolution

The Yom Kippur War occurred in 1973 in which both Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack against Israel on the holiday of Yom Kippur to regain their lost land. While Israel was caught off guard by the initial assault. They were eventually able to turn the tides of the war. Pushing back Syria on the Golan front and maintain the front lines on the Sinai front against Egypt. While the war led to an Israeli victory, this final war led to a peace agreement between Israel, America, and Egypt, deescalating the conflict.

Main Countries

Support for belligerents in all four wars
Members	1948 Arab–Israeli War	Suez Crisis	Six-Day War	Yom Kippur War
Egypt	Arab nations	Arab nations	Arab nations	Arab nations
Syria	Arab nations	Neutral	Arab nations	Arab nations
Iraq	Arab nations	Neutral	Arab nations	Arab nations
Saudi Arabia	Arab nations	Neutral	Neutral	Arab nations
Jordan	Arab nations	Neutral	Arab nations	Arab nations
Yemen	Arab nations	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral
Lebanon	Arab nations	Neutral	Arab nations	Neutral
Soviet Union	Israel	Arab nations	Arab nations	Arab nations
United States	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral	Israel
United Kingdom	Neutral	Israel	Neutral	Neutral
Turkey	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral

International Community

Support for belligerents in all four wars
Members	1948 Arab–Israeli War	Suez Crisis	Six-Day War	Yom Kippur War
United States	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral	Israel
Soviet Union	Israel	Neutral	Neutral	Arab nations
Egypt	Arab nations	Arab nations	Arab nations	Arab nations
Syria	Arab nations	Neutral	Arab nations	Arab nations
Iraq	Arab nations	Neutral	Arab nations	Arab nations
Jordan	Arab nations	Neutral	Arab nations	Arab nations
Saudi Arabia	Arab nations	Neutral	Neutral	Arab nations
Lebanon	Arab nations	Neutral	Arab nations	Neutral
Yemen	Arab nations	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral
United Kingdom	Neutral	Israel	Neutral	Neutral
France	Neutral	Israel	Neutral	Neutral
Turkey	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral
Arab League	Arab nations	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral
West Germany	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral
East Germany	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral
Oman	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral
Libya	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral	Arab nations
Algeria	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral	Arab nations
Tunisia	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral	Arab nations
Morocco	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral	Arab nations

Consequences

The relations between the Arab countries and Israel are normalizing despite hostile tensions in the past and present. While the wars between Israel and the neighboring Arab countries no longer occur. The conflict has been localized from Israel and the neighboring Arab countries to the Israelis and the Palestinians.

Contemporary era

Relations are still tense despite the various peace deals and agreements. There have been periodic conflicts within the Israeli Palestinian conflict ever since the peace deals within the neighboring Arab Countries.

Peace deals

The leaders of the respective countries of Egypt, Israel, and the United States: Anwar Sadat, Menachem Begin, and Jimmy Carter agreed to a peace deal after the Yom Kippur War. The deal forced Israel to give back the Suez Canal and the Sinai Peninsula back to Egypt. Along with some other terrial concessions.

There are also various other peace deals throughout the conflict such as the: May 17 Agreement, Oslo I Accord, Israel–Jordan peace treaty, Oslo II Accord, and Abraham Accords.

Notes

References

^ Krauthammer, Charles (18 May 2007). "Prelude to the Six Days". The Washington Post. p. A23. ISSN 0740-5421. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2008.
^ Oren (2002), p. 237.

^[1] ^[2]

^[3]

^ Morris, Benny (April 21, 2008). 1948: The First Arab-Israeli War. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300126969.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
^ Oren, Michael B. (June 6, 2001). Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East (2nd ed.). Presidio Press. ISBN 9780345461926.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
^ Herzog (1) Gazit (2), Chaim (1) Shlomo (1) (July 12, 2005). The Arab-Israeli Wars: War and Peace in the Middle East. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1400079636.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: year (link)

[1] Krauthammer, Charles (18 May 2007). "Prelude to the Six Days". The Washington Post. p. A23. ISSN 0740-5421. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2008.

[FOOTNOTEOren2002237-2] Oren (2002), p. 237.

[3] Morris, Benny (April 21, 2008). 1948: The First Arab-Israeli War. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300126969.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link)

[4] Oren, Michael B. (June 6, 2001). Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East (2nd ed.). Presidio Press. ISBN 9780345461926.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link)

[5] Herzog (1) Gazit (2), Chaim (1) Shlomo (1) (July 12, 2005). The Arab-Israeli Wars: War and Peace in the Middle East. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1400079636.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: year (link)

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