Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider (March 11, 1915 – June 26, 1990), known simply as J.C.R. or "Lick" was an
American computer scientist, considered one of the most important figures in
computer science and general
computing history. After early work in
psychoacoustics, he became interested in
information technology early in his career. Much like
Vannevar Bush, J.C.R. Licklider's contribution to the development of the
Internet consists of ideas, not inventions. He foresaw the need for networked
computers with easy user interfaces. His ideas foretold of graphical computing, point-and-click interfaces, digital libraries, e-commerce, online banking, and software that would exist on a network and migrate wherever it was needed. Licklider was instrumental in conceiving, funding and managing the research that led to modern personal computers and the Internet. His seminal paper on
Man-Computer Symbiosis foreshadowed interactive computing, and he went on to fund early efforts in time-sharing and application development, most notably the work of
Douglas Engelbart, who founded the
Augmentation Research Center at
Stanford Research Institute and created the famous
On-Line System. He played a similar role in conceiving of and funding early networking research, most notably the
ARPAnet.
The following are images from various internet-related articles on Wikipedia.
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Image 1Where the WEB was born (from
History of the World Wide Web)
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Image 2Map of the
TCP/IP test network in February 1982 (from
History of the Internet)
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Image 3Wi-Fi logo (from
Internet access)
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Image 4Stamped envelope of
Russian Post issued in 1993 with stamp and graphics dedicated to first Russian
underwater digital optic cable laid in 1993 by
Rostelecom from
Kingisepp to
Copenhagen (from
History of the Internet)
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Image 5The
NeXT Computer used by
Tim Berners-Lee at
CERN became the first Web server. (from
History of the World Wide Web)
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Image 6T3 NSFNET Backbone, c. 1992 (from
History of the Internet)
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Image 7The digital divide measured in terms of bandwidth is not closing, but fluctuating up and down. Gini coefficients for telecommunication capacity (in kbit/s) among individuals worldwide (from
Internet access)
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Image 9info.cern.ch, the first website, in 2025 (from
History of the World Wide Web)
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Image 11The "message block", designed by
Paul Baran in 1962 and refined in 1964, is the first proposal of a
data packet. (from
History of the Internet)
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Image 12BBN Technologies TCP/IP Internet map of early 1986 (from
History of the Internet)
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Image 151997 advertisement in
State Magazine by the US
State Department Library for sessions introducing the then-unfamiliar Web (from
History of the World Wide Web)
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Image 16First Internet demonstration, linking the
ARPANET,
PRNET, and
SATNET on November 22, 1977 (from
History of the Internet)
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Image 17Satellite Internet access via
VSAT in Ghana (from
Internet access)
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Image 19The corridor where the World Wide Web was born, on the ground floor of building No. 1 at CERN (from
History of the World Wide Web)
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Image 20Postage stamp of Azerbaijan (2004): 35 Years of the Internet, 1969–2004 (from
History of the Internet)
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Image 21Internet Connectivity Access layer (from
Internet access)
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Image 23Wi-Fi range diagram (from
Internet access)
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Image 24Broadband affordability in 2011
This map presents an overview of broadband affordability, as the relationship between average yearly income per capita and the cost of a broadband subscription (data referring to 2011). Source: Information Geographies at the Oxford Internet Institute. (from
Internet access)
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Image 26Number of Internet hosts worldwide: 1969–2019
Source:
Internet Systems Consortium. (from
History of the Internet)
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